한국어 격표지의 본질과 초점
The Nature of Case Markers in Korean and Focus
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of case markers in Korean and their relation to focus. Some previous studies on the markers i/ka/ul/lul in Korean (Yoon, 2004; Choi, 2005; Chung, 2016, among others) claim that they are all case markers whether they are attached to arguments or attached to non-arguments. Other studies (Schütze, 1996, 2001, among others) claim that only some instances of the markers i/ka/ul/lul in Korean are case markers, and the other non-canonical i/ka/ul/lul markers attached to non-argument adverbials in Korean are not case markers, but focus markers. The present study, however, argues that the markers i/ka/ul/lul in Korean are not focus markers, but markers similar to case markers, but different from traditional case markers, which the present study calls “distinguishing” markers. The so-called case markers in Korean are closely related to focus in that case marking in agglutinative languages in general has the function of distinguishing one argument from another, and what focus does is to distinguish one alternative from the other alternatives from a contextually-determined alternative set (Rooth, 1985). Thus, case markers and focus share one important property, i.e., distinguishing one entity from the other entities. This claim is supported by the data from a group of agglutinative languages including Tibetan and Manipuri, which possess the so-called fluid differential case marking system (de Hoop and Malchukov, 2007).
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of case markers in Korean and their relation to focus. Some previous studies on the markers i/ka/ul/lul in Korean (Yoon, 2004; Choi, 2005; Chung, 2016, among others) claim that they are all case markers whether they are attached to arguments or attached to non-arguments. Other studies (Schütze, 1996, 2001, among others) claim that only some instances of the markers i/ka/ul/lul in Korean are case markers, and the other non-canonical i/ka/ul/lul markers attached to non-argument adverbials in Korean are not case markers, but focus markers. The present study, however, argues that the markers i/ka/ul/lul in Korean are not focus markers, but markers similar to case markers, but different from traditional case markers, which the present study calls “distinguishing” markers. The so-called case markers in Korean are closely related to focus in that case marking in agglutinative languages in general has the function of distinguishing one argument from another, and what focus does is to distinguish one alternative from the other alternatives from a contextually-determined alternative set (Rooth, 1985). Thus, case markers and focus share one important property, i.e., distinguishing one entity from the other entities. This claim is supported by the data from a group of agglutinative languages including Tibetan and Manipuri, which possess the so-called fluid differential case marking system (de Hoop and Malchukov, 2007).
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