A Shift in Song Tribute Policy and the Emergence of the Terms “Koryŏ Merchants” and “Japanese Merchants”
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines the fact that the Song government, at least until 1141, only allowed vessels based in China to engage in foreign trade, while opening its ports only to foreign ships that were tribute vessels. This was a result of the Song’s efforts to maintain the Sinocentric tribute system despite its diminishing power and international influence. However, worsening fiscal circumstances during the Southern Song period led the Song court to turn toward an anti-tribute policy due to the financial burden caused by the tribute system. By abandoning tribute practices, the Song came to permit trade with foreign ships as well. Reflecting this shift in the Song’s policies, “Koryo˘ merchants” and “Japanese merchants” appeared in maritime trade throughout the East China Sea, which had been dominated by Song merchants. These appellations are believed to be closely associated with the maritime route, rather than the ethnic origin of the merchants referred to.
Abstract
This paper examines the fact that the Song government, at least until 1141, only allowed vessels based in China to engage in foreign trade, while opening its ports only to foreign ships that were tribute vessels. This was a result of the Song’s efforts to maintain the Sinocentric tribute system despite its diminishing power and international influence. However, worsening fiscal circumstances during the Southern Song period led the Song court to turn toward an anti-tribute policy due to the financial burden caused by the tribute system. By abandoning tribute practices, the Song came to permit trade with foreign ships as well. Reflecting this shift in the Song’s policies, “Koryo˘ merchants” and “Japanese merchants” appeared in maritime trade throughout the East China Sea, which had been dominated by Song merchants. These appellations are believed to be closely associated with the maritime route, rather than the ethnic origin of the merchants referred to.
참고문헌 (54)
- Cho˘ng Inji 鄭麟趾, (1972), Kyo˘ngin Munhwasa
- Jun Chen 陳均, (2006), Zhonghua shu
- Li Tao 李燾, (1979), Zhonghua shuju
- Su Shi 蘇軾, (1986), Zhonghua shuju
- Tuo Tuo 脫脫, (1985), Zhonghua shuju
- Xu Song 徐松., (1957), Zhonghua shuju
- ". Vol. 1038"
- Zuikei Shuˉhoˉ 瑞渓周鳳, (1995), Shuˉeisha
- Bielenstein, Hans, "Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World 586–1276" (2005), Brill
- Chaffee, John, "Song China and the Multi-State and Commercial World of East Asia", Crossroads: Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World, 1(2), pp.33~54 (2010)
- Chen Gaohua 陈高华, (1981), Tianjin renmin chubanshe
- "Shigaku zasshi 史学雑誌", 2001, 211~234
- Enomoto Wataru 榎本渉, (2007), Yoshikawa koˉbunkan
- Enomoto Wataru 榎本渉, (2010), Koˉdansha
- Fairbank, John K., "Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast" (1953), Harvard University Press
- "Toˉyoˉ gakuhoˉ 東洋學報", 1917, 159~246
- Fujiyoshi Masumi 藤善真澄, (1990), Kansai Daigaku Shuppanbu
- "Higashi Ajia to Nihon 東アジアと日本", 2005, 33~64
- Hirose Norio 廣瀬憲雄, (2011), Yoshikawa koˉbunkan
- "Ajiashi kenkyuˉ アジア史硏究", 1985, 1~15
- Kawahara Yoshiroˉ 河原由郎, (1980), Keisoˉ Shoboˉ
- "Kuksagwan noncho˘ong 國史館論叢", 2000, 35~64
- 김성규, "송대 조공질서의 재편과 그 양상", 역사학보, (185), pp.141~174 (2005), 역사학회
- 김성규, "皇帝入朝儀禮를 통해 본 宋代 ‘外國’의 國際地位 ― ‘西南蕃夷’와 ‘海外進奉蕃客’을 중심으로 ―", 중국학보, (61), pp.223~241 (2010), 한국중국학회
- "Shiteki 史滴", 2001, 2~22
- Kuwabara Jitsuzoˉ 桑原隲蔵, (1989), Heibonsha
- Li Yunquan 李云泉, (2004), Xinhua chubanshe
- Mori Katsumi 森克己, , pp.1~436 (2008), Bensei shuppan
- Mori Katsumi 森克己, , pp.1~396 (2009), Bensei shuppan
- Mostern, Ruth, "“Dividing the Realm in Order to Govern”: The Spatial Organization of the Song State (960–1276 CE)" (2011), Harvard University Asia Center
- Murai Shoˉsuke 村井章介, (2005), Hoˉsoˉ daigaku kyoˉiku shinkoˉkai
- Nakada Kaoru 中田薫, ". Vol. 2" (1938), Iwanami shoten
- "Rekishigaku kenkyuˉ 歴史学研究", 2001, 2~11
- "Yo˘ksahakyo˘n’gu 역사학연구", 2006, 111~138
- "Shizue Huikan 史學彙刊", 1968, 45~161
- Von Glahn, Richard, "The Ningbo-Hakata Merchant Network and the Reorientation of East Asian Maritime Trade, 1150–1350", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 74, pp.249~279 (2014)
- Wade, Geoff, "Offshore Asia: Maritime Interactions in Eastern Asia before Steamships", pp.76~111 (2013), ISEAS Publishing
- "Songshi yanjiu luncong 宋史研究论丛", 2008, 304~337
- Yi Chinhan 李鎭漢, (2011), Kyo˘ngin Munhwasa
- "Guangdong shehui kexue 广东社会科学", 1995, 95~100
- "Xueshu yanjiu 学术研究", 1998, 61~65
- Zheng Youguo 郑有国, (2004), Fujian jiaoyu chubanshe