Central Power, Local Society, and Rural Unrest in Nineteenth-Century Korea: An Attempt at Comparative Local History
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Nineteenth-century Chos˘ on Korea experienced frequent and at times violent conflicts between central power and rural society. This phenomenon has often been seen as an indication of general nationwide socio-economic trends of the period, despite the fact that rural unrest was largely dictated by local conditions. The present study suggests that the concept of “social arenas” provides a suitable framework for comparative local history which is needed if conclusions are to be drawn about the nationwide situation from varying local circumstances. This concept presents a dynamic understanding of the relationship between central power and local society and can be used to connect the larger trends of the late Chos˘ on period with outbursts of rural unrest. The analysis focuses on the Hong Ky˘ ongnae rebellion that erupted in the northwest in 1811 and the riots that spread over the southern part of the peninsula in 1862. The study will show that these two outbursts of rural unrest, despite their different characteristics and the distinctly different social milieus out of which they developed, can be understood in relation to changing relationships between central power and local society.
Abstract
Nineteenth-century Chos˘ on Korea experienced frequent and at times violent conflicts between central power and rural society. This phenomenon has often been seen as an indication of general nationwide socio-economic trends of the period, despite the fact that rural unrest was largely dictated by local conditions. The present study suggests that the concept of “social arenas” provides a suitable framework for comparative local history which is needed if conclusions are to be drawn about the nationwide situation from varying local circumstances. This concept presents a dynamic understanding of the relationship between central power and local society and can be used to connect the larger trends of the late Chos˘ on period with outbursts of rural unrest. The analysis focuses on the Hong Ky˘ ongnae rebellion that erupted in the northwest in 1811 and the riots that spread over the southern part of the peninsula in 1862. The study will show that these two outbursts of rural unrest, despite their different characteristics and the distinctly different social milieus out of which they developed, can be understood in relation to changing relationships between central power and local society.