양평 사나사 철불좌상의 성격과 의미

Abstract

The Iron Seated-Buddha Statue at Sanasa Temple(舍那寺) in Yangpyeong is known as the Nosana Buddha Statue(盧舍那佛像), which was created with the Five-story Stone Pagoda in 923 when Yeoeom(麗嚴), a Buddhist monk, founded the temple with his disciple, Yongcheon(融天). According to the Historical Investigation Report(古蹟調査報告書), which was investigated by the Japanese colonial era in 1916, the seated Buddha of Sanasa Temple was damaged, and when the Japanese army burned the main temples of the temple in 1911, it was damaged once again, leaving only remnants of the statue. Currently, the iron Buddha of Sanasa Temple in Yangpyeong carries only records and photos of Japanese colonial era. First of all, I inferred the Buddhist character of Sanasa Temple as a temple of Seonjong line(禪宗系 寺刹) belonging to the Seongjusanmun(聖住山門) of Muyeom(無染) through the legal context of Yeoeom, a Daegyeongguksa(大鏡國師), who was annotated to Borisa Temple(菩提寺) at the request of King Taejo(太祖) of Goryeo. The style of the Buddha statue is an early Goryeo Buddha statue that follows the iconography of Seokguram main Buddha in Gyeongju in the mid-8th century, and is presumed to have been enshrined as the main Buddha of Sanasa Temple. In particular, it was estimated that the construction period of the Iron Buddha was generally consistent with 923, when Sanasa Temple was founded, as a result of stylistic comparison and consideration with Buddha statues in the first half of Goryeo, such as the Iron Buddha statue at Bowonsa Temple Site(普願寺址) in Seosan, Cheonwangsa Temple Site(天王寺址) in Hanam, and the Iron Buddha at Junggisa Temple(中基寺) in Imsil. The background of the construction of the Sanasa Temple Iron Buddha was interpreted as being produced by the Buddhist policy promoted by King Taejo of Goryeo to strengthen his royal power, the support of Yeomeum, and the doctrinal changes of Seonjong. This phenomenon is thought to have provided an ideological foundation for King Taejo's Buddhist policy of integrating the Buddhist sect into a centralized royal authority system. In conclusion, the meaning of the Iron Tidal Stone Buddha in Sanasa Temple in Yangpyeong can be found in that it reflects the situation of the times and the flow of the Buddhist community well.