칼뱅의 이중예정론에 대한 신학적 수용과 비판

Abstract

First, this article examines Calvin's theory of double predestination and then deals with Barth’s theory of objective reconciliation, which derives from his reinterpretation of Calvin’s. Furthermore, it studies on Moltmann's theory of universal salvation, which is presented as a critical alternative to the theory of double judgment, engendered by Calvin’s double predestination. Calvin's doctrine of double predestination is the doctrine intended to emphasize the absolute sovereignty of God and the priority of grace in human salvation. However, since it does not conform to God's attributes of justice and love and violates human free will, Barth reestablishes the theory of double predestination grounded upon Christocentric perspective. In this respect, we introduce Barth's creative reinterpretation of the traditional theory of double predestination and examine its alternatives. And for the sake of overcoming the negative consequence of double judgment, mentioned above, Moltmann accepts Barth's objective reconciliation theory based on God's absolute love and the reconciliation and salvation of Christ's cross and interprets it by expanding it to the restoration of all things. Through this viewpoint, Moltmann presents the “confession of hope” called universal salvation as a result of the final judgment brought by Christ, who underwent painful experiences in hell and overcame curses of the hell. His theory results in resolving the conflict between the results of the double judgment and universal salvation. And he reinterprets hell as serving the process of restoration of all things. However, Moltmann's theory of the restoration of all things, which speaks of the salvation of the entire creation world, including all humans, has aroused many controversies for and against his theory in debating whether or not it is supported by biblical theology. Thus the merits of his eschatological viewpoint of the restoration of all things are critically reexamined, since many biblical passages rather support the theory of double judgment. In conclusion, after this article discusses the pros and cons of double predestination, double judgment, objective reconciliation, and the restoration of all things, it thereby proposes an eschatological soteriology, which is both confirmed by biblical references, and is founded upon the theory of double judgment referring to heaven and hell.