비트겐슈타인의 자아론 연구 - 『논리-철학 논고』를 중심으로

Abstract

This study aims to examine various interpretations about “what solipsism means” in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (henceforward Tractatus), to find out the main contents and characteristics of the new way, how to do philosophy, and to explore the new relationship between science and philosophy by showing the limitation of science. Specifically I analyze what the linguistic subject, the metaphysical subject, the philosophical self, and the basic goals of philosophy are. According to Wittgenstein, the philosophical problem comes from the misunderstanding of language and the scientific attitude which is placed in the superior position of our lives. What philosophy ultimately tries to achieve through language criticism is to show “what cannot be said by clearly describing what can be said.” Wittgenstein's comment that there should be limits to the expression of ideas raises the need to establish a new relationship between philosophy and natural science. The metaphysical subject is the limit of the world and the transcendental condition of the objective world. This is a kind of law system and logical form that is essential for the existence of the world. Therefore, the (transcendental) solipsism that Wittgenstein mentions in Tractatus is consistent with (pure) realism. This means that the subject that he is talking about is not a physical-psychological subject that is simply experienced and conscious. His thoughts are connected to the emphasis on delimiting the areas that can be said and those that cannot be said. Furthermore, this limitation becomes an important key to distinguishing philosophy and science. Science can check a possibility and exclude a fact from the real world by saying it is not realized, but it cannot be the job of science to find out whether scientific truth exists or not. Philosophy can provide a perspective, so that science does not fall into the paradox of self-reference. As in the ‘metaphor of the eye’ mentioned by Wittgenstein in Tractatus, philosophy and science must be reestablished as a relationship between the eye and vision.