글로벌 네트워크와 신자유주의: 인식공동체 개념의 재평가와 사례연구에의 활용
Global Networks and Neoliberalism: Reconsideration of Epistemic Community for Case Study
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국제관계에서 전문가 그룹들은 과학적 권위나 정치적, 도덕적 신념을 가지고 정책에 영향을 미치고 국제적인 표준의 형성에 기여한다. 국제정치학에서는 이러한 그룹을 지칭하기 위해 인식공동체개념을 활용해 왔다. 그러나 인식공동체 개념을 활용한 연구들의 성과는 기대와는 달리 그다지 크지 않은 것으로 보인다. 이 글에서는 인식공동체 개념의 문제점들을 짚어 보고 개선방향을 제안한다. 또한 새로운 시각에 입각해 신자유주의의 정치경제를 중심으로 형성된 국제 네트워크들이 국제적인 정당성을 획득하는 과정을 사례로서 분석한다. 전체주의의 등장과 세계대전, 그리고 케인즈 경제학의 영향력 등에 의해 위기에 직면한 자유주의자들은 이에 대처하기 위해 모임과 조직을 결성하고 체계적으로 자유주의를 혁신했다. 이들의 네트워크 형성과 활동을 살펴봄으로써 우리들은 신자유주의 이론들의 차이점, 각 분파를 대표하는 인물들과 권력경쟁, 신자유주의가 순환하는 국제적인 경로 등을 이해할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Many expert groups influence on public policies and contribute to the construction of global standards with their own scientific authority or political and moral beliefs. International studies relied on the concept of epistemic community to refer to these groups. However, the concept of epistemic community does not seem to provide meaningful contributions to the international economic and political studies. In this article, we will reexamine this concept and try to propose some improvement plans. In addition, based on new perspectives, we will analyse and describe an history of neoliberalism, the genesis of their national and international networks, and their competition for the intellectual and political authority. Faced with a crisis due to totalitarianism, World War II, and Keynesian economics, liberals around the world formed new groups and organizations not only in their home countries but also in the international society, and they tried to innovate liberal traditions. Looking into their experiences and activities will allow us to understand the differences in various neoliberal thoughts, the competition among intellectual and professional factions, and the international paths through which neoliberal ideas circulates.
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