환성 지안의 宗統 계승과 禪敎 융합

Abstract

Hwanseong Jian 喚醒 志安 (1664-1729) was a Korean eminent monk who was a direct descendent of the master Pyeonyang’s dharma lineage, the largest lineal school in the genealogical line of the great Cheongheo Hyujeong who is known to have led the late-Chosŏn monastic community. Jian was the master of the lineal school according to genealogical descent. As we can tell from his Essentials of the Five Chan Schools 禪門五宗綱要 (Seonmun Ojong Gangyo), his Hwaeom commentaries, and his popular dharma talks, he was a meditation monk who had put to practice the harmonization of meditation (Seon) and scholasticism (Gyo). At one time late in life, while Jian held a Hwaeom dharma talk with over a 1,000 people in attendance, he was falsely charged which led to his exile to Jeju Island where he passed away. As a transmitter of Linji (Imje) dharma lineage, Jian maintained the lineal transmission of the Buddhist order while pursuing harmonization and concomitant practice of meditation and scholasticism. Despite his position in the transmission of the Korean Buddhist tradition, research on Jian is highly lacking. This paper will examine the following: Hwanseong Jian’s works and life, the transmission of the lineage and the genealogical descent of the of Pyeonyang’s dharma line where Jian belongs, the issues of coexistence of meditation and scholasticism placed in the context of the history of thought. First, Jian’s commentaries, Hwaeom dharma talks, and his itinerant teachings will be examined. Next, Pyeonyang’s direct lineage and its relative standing, his disciples and relationship with Tongdo Temple, the syncretism of meditation and scholasticism that was carried out through Seolsong Yeoncho 雪松 演 初, a disciple of Jian, and an integrated understanding of the genealogy will be discussed. I also examine his work, Essentials of the Five Chan Schools and the “doctrine of supremacy of meditation or scholasticism” and the “doctrine of oneness of meditation and scholasticism” that appeared in the nineteenth century debate on meditation. By comparing these two doctrines the portrait of the congruity and synthesis of meditation and scholasticism that was pursued will be brought back to light. Especially by bringing into the relief the relationship between Tongdo Temple and Hwanseong Jian I will examine the situation of the genealogy and with this will shed new light on his life and thought.