僅少を表わす修飾語の用法 -語彙的制約についての一考察-

Abstract

We have modifiers of Japanese to express still smaller degree that modify “words to express small degree”. In this paper, they are called “modifier to express exiguity”. These eight modifiers (goku ごく, suguすぐ, tada ただ, tatta たった, tsui つい, honno ほんの, monono ものの and wazuka わずか) are intended for analysis and descriptions on what kind of lexical limitations they have in sentences. The analysis gives the following results. （1）Collocation with modificands (modified words)：They have various lexical limitation as followings. ―― ・“Honnoほんの” has most kind of modificands．And “suguすぐ” “tadaただ” “tsuiつい” and “gokuごく” tend to have modificands restrictively. /・“Honnoほんの” and “tsuiつい” modify only words to express the past and words to express the present. But they do not modify the word to express the future. /・“Mononoものの”　and　“wazukaわずか”　do not modify words to express the past，words to express the present and words to express the future. But they modify words to express the elapsed time and words to express numerals and numerical values.　/・“Suguすぐ” “tsuiつい”and “gokuごく” do not modify words to express the elapsed time and words to express numerals and numerical values.　/・“Suguすぐ” “tada ただ ” and “tsuiつい” do not modify the words to express the quantity and the section.　/・“Tadaただ”does not modify words to express the place, space, distance and direction.　/・“Honnoほんの” and “gokuごく” modify adverbs and adjectives. But the others do not modify them. （2）Collocation with particles as followings：they have constant collocations. ―― ・“tsuiつい”～madeまで　　・“honnoほんの”～bakariばかり ・“gokuごく”～dakeだけ/shikaしか　　・“suguすぐ”～madeまで　 ・“tadaただ”/“tattaたった”～dakeだけ/kiriきり　　・“tadanoただの”～moも　 ・“mononoものの”～moも/toと　　・“wazukaわずか”～dakeだけ