Molecular surveillance of IHNV in rainbow trout farms and marine shellfish in Gangwon Province, Korea
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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a major pathogen in salmonid aquaculture, is des- ignated as a WOAH-listed disease. However, it is not classified as a legal communicable disease in Korea, limiting monitoring and prevention efforts. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of IHNV in rainbow trout from inland farms and marine bivalves along the coastal regions of Gangwon-do. Samples from 42 rainbow trout farms across nine regions and four bivalve species from four coastal areas in Gangwon-do were analyzed using two PCR methods: the WOAH-rec- ommended nested RT-PCR and a newly developed N2F/N2R RT-PCR targeting the N gene. The N2F/N2R RT-PCR assay detected IHNV in 38.1% (16/42) of rainbow trout samples and 14.3% (3/21) of bivalve samples, compared to 16.7% (7/42) and 0% with the WOAH-recommended method. The N2F/N2R assay also provided clear electrophoretic results without non-specific bands, making it more suitable for shellfish monitoring. In rainbow trout farms, IHNV detection rates were high (47–50%) in March and April but absent from May onward. In contrast, IHNV was detected in marine shellfish during June and August. Genome analysis identified all IHNV strains as JRt genotype, with JRt-Nagano (JN) and JRt-Shizuoka (JS) subtypes. JN was more prevalent, and genotypes showed distinct regional distributions. This study marks the first report of IHNV detection in marine shellfish in Korea. IHNV detected in shellfish belonged to the JN subtype, showing over 99.7% genetic homology with strains found in Pyeongchang, Yeongwol, and Hongcheon. This suggests IHNV may have spread from inland fish farms to marine ecosystems.
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a major pathogen in salmonid aquaculture, is des- ignated as a WOAH-listed disease. However, it is not classified as a legal communicable disease in Korea, limiting monitoring and prevention efforts. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of IHNV in rainbow trout from inland farms and marine bivalves along the coastal regions of Gangwon-do. Samples from 42 rainbow trout farms across nine regions and four bivalve species from four coastal areas in Gangwon-do were analyzed using two PCR methods: the WOAH-rec- ommended nested RT-PCR and a newly developed N2F/N2R RT-PCR targeting the N gene. The N2F/N2R RT-PCR assay detected IHNV in 38.1% (16/42) of rainbow trout samples and 14.3% (3/21) of bivalve samples, compared to 16.7% (7/42) and 0% with the WOAH-recommended method. The N2F/N2R assay also provided clear electrophoretic results without non-specific bands, making it more suitable for shellfish monitoring. In rainbow trout farms, IHNV detection rates were high (47–50%) in March and April but absent from May onward. In contrast, IHNV was detected in marine shellfish during June and August. Genome analysis identified all IHNV strains as JRt genotype, with JRt-Nagano (JN) and JRt-Shizuoka (JS) subtypes. JN was more prevalent, and genotypes showed distinct regional distributions. This study marks the first report of IHNV detection in marine shellfish in Korea. IHNV detected in shellfish belonged to the JN subtype, showing over 99.7% genetic homology with strains found in Pyeongchang, Yeongwol, and Hongcheon. This suggests IHNV may have spread from inland fish farms to marine ecosystems.
참고문헌 (23)
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