AI 시스템의 위험 완화를 위한 정책적 접근방안 연구: AI 영향평가를 중심으로
A Study on Policy Approaches to Mitigate Risks in AI System : Focusing on AI Impact Assessment
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초록
본 연구는 AI 시스템의 위험 완화를 위한 정책접근 방식으로 공공분야에서 발표한 AI 영향평가의 탐색적 사례분석 수행을 목표로 한다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 제시한 AI 영향평가 설계의 핵심 사항을 토대로 연구분석 틀을 구성한다. 이후 분석 틀을 토대로 현재까지 국가 정부 혹은 공공기관에서 정책으로 구현하거나 제안한 6개의 AI 영향평가 사례를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 AI 영향평가는 기존 영향평가와 다른 기술적·산업적 특수성을 인정해야 한다는 인식이 존재했으며, AI 시스템을 포괄적이고 광범위하게 정의했다. 위험 완화조치와 관련하여 일부 의견이 수렴하고 있는 것을 확인하였지만, AI 영향평가에서 제시하는 완화조치가 위험분류 수준과 연결되는 방식이 국가마다 상이했다. 또한, AI 수명주기의 여러 지점에서 영향평가를 수행했으며 자율규제적 성격이 강했다. 본 연구는 AI 영향평가 개발과 관련하여 현재까지의 정책구현 동향을 살펴봄으로써 AI 영향평가 개발의 전반적 이해를 도울 수 있는 포괄적 자료를 제공하고, 추후 정책개발에 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to conduct an exploratory case analysis of AIA(AI Impact Assessment) published in the public sector as a policy approach to mitigating the risk of AI systems. This study constructs a research analysis framework based on the key points of AIA design presented in previous studies. Based on the subsequent analysis framework, six AIA cases implemented or proposed as policies by national governments or public institutions to date have been adopted and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, there was a perception that AIA should recognize technical and industrial specificity different from the existing impact assessment, and the AI system was comprehensively and broadly defined. Although some opinions were gathered regarding risk mitigation measures, the way the mitigation measures presented in the AI impact assessment were linked to the level of risk classification differed from country to country. In addition, it was carried out regularly at various points in the AI life cycle and had a strong self-regulatory character. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of AIA development by presenting comprehensive data on policy and research trends, thereby informing future policy development in this field.
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