제주도 무속신앙 대상 돌(石)의 이미지를 응용한 도자조형 연구
Research Of Ceramic Art Molding Applying Images of Rocks that Represent Jeju Shamanism
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초록
인간의 감성을 자극하는 문화예술은 지역의 풍토와 시대상, 그리고 사람들의 생활모습 속에서 자연스러운 향토미가 삶을 통해 반영이 된다. 대자연의 오묘함과 지역의 독특한 문화가 예술인들의 정서와 부합해 조형예술의 원류를 통해 독특한 장르의 문화예술로 창출하는 것은 당연한 결과라고 할 수 있다. 제주 돌문화 중 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 것이,“무속신앙 대상의 돌문화”이다. 제주 무속신앙에 내재하고 있는 신앙 상징으로서의 돌은 장묘석(문인석, 무인석, 동자석, 지석묘), 돌탑(거욱,방사탑), 돌하르방, 무신상, 당신상, 미륵 등으로 크게 나누어 살펴 볼 수 있다. 신앙 상징의 돌문화는 제주도 무속사회에서 신격(神格)으로 섬겨 온 전통적인 석상을 의미하는 것이다. 따라서 이러한 석상들은 종교적인 신성을 지닐 뿐만 아니라 우리 조상의 무속문화의 참 모습을 찾아볼 수 있게 한다. 이러한 자료를 바탕으로 석상은 제주의 자연관과 동일하게 변화 발전하여왔음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구과정은 제주의 신앙석에 반영된 제주 특유의 자연미와 향토미 그리고 그 속에 어우러진 무속신앙의 돌문화를 도자조형을 통해 표현하고자 한다. 신앙석의 표정과 인상을 중심으로 이목구비와 몸, 손모양 등의 조형을 연구 분석을 통해서 특징들을 파악하였다. 또한 현장 답사를 통해 자료를 수집, 정리하였지만 자료의 방대함으로 인해 연구자 스스로 보충하지 못한 부분은 선행 연구자들의 사진과 자료를 통하여 부족한 부분에 첨부 하였다.
Abstract
Culture and art that appeals to human sensitivity is reflected in natural feature of the region, phases of the times, and appearance of the people. It is a natural result that unique genre of culture and art is created when the artists' feeling is combined with unique culture of the region and abstruseness of mother nature. When we take a look at the rock culture of Jeju that has naturally created by geological and environmental condition there, it's characteristics can be categorized into productivity, daily life, publicity, and religion. The rock culture of Jeju is environmentally in the middle of daily life and natural condition of Jeju. Paradoxically rock being a center of Jeju rock culture became a base of wisdom that made it possible to overcome the barren nature. The rock intermediates nature and survival of the Jejuian. Natural rocks fought against waves and wind, processed rocks provided convenience in daily life, and in general they carried out their rolls in ancestor worship and religions. "Shamanistic rock culture" takes a important part in Jeju rock culture. Symbols of religion that are immanent in Jeju shamaism can be categorized into Tomb Stone(Muninsuk, Dongjasuk, Jisukmyo), Stone Tower(Keouk), Dolhareubang, Mushinsang, Dangshinsang, Maitreya, and so on. Religious rock culture is referring to traditional stone statues that are served as gods in the shamanism society of Jeju. Thus, these statues not only have religious divinity but also make it possible for us to see true aspects of our ancestors contrary to general stone statues and portraits. The fact that these statues have been changed and developed in a same way with the viewpoint of nature in Jeju can be noticed by these data. In other words, religious rocks have standardized while natural given divinity has projected into human personality. Jejuians learned how to live symbiotically with nature, god and human in given barren environment of nature. They saw god through natural rocks, and saw rocks whatever they intend to while leaning their community spirit against the pile of rocks. The intention of this research is to draw roots of formative art that are immanent in Jeju Shamanism into the real world through esthetical thinking and also express unique natural beauty, traditional beauty and shamanistic rock culture of Jeju reflected in Jeju shamanism through ceramic moldings. Besides various techniques have been applied in order to bring a watery characteristic of soil and characteristics of other materials into relief while emphasizing matiĕre of the rocks and I consider this article to have a unique point and to be valuable when art is recreated as subject formation art of the artist based on contingency and improvision. The work represents an image of molding showed in watery characteristics, colors of soil, disperse and reflection of light based on characteristics of Jeju pottery soil. Also other level of beauty is expressed when the image of stone is recreated into soil. Moreover, formative characteristic was understood through formative analysis of religious rocks. And the faces were analyzed by focusing on facial expressions and appearance, formative analysis was also processed by emphasizing on shapes of bodies and hands. Even though I have collected and organized data through field investigation, I have attached preceded research images and data due to the massiveness of the data.