中国民族区域自治地方立法权研究 - 以延边朝鲜族自治州为例
Study on legislative power of Chinese ethnic autonomous areas --take Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as an example
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참고문헌
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초록
民族区域自治制度，是指在国家统一领导下，各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，行使自治权的制度。民族区域自治制度是我国的基本政治制度之一，就是实施民族区域自治的地方的少数民族，自主地管理本民族、本地区的内部事务，行使当家做主的权利。民族区域自治地方的立法权，是民族区域自治地方制定自治条例和单行条例的权力。即民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地的政治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治条例和单行条例。自治条例规定有关本地方实行民族区域自治的基本问题；单行条例规定有关本地实行民族区域自治的某一方面的具体事项。自治条例、单行条例可以对国家法律和政策作出变通性规定。自治区的自治条例和单行条例，须报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效。自治州、自治县的自治条例和单行条例须报省或者自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效，并报请全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。延边朝鲜族自治州作为中国较早实施民族区域自治（1952.9.3）的地方，经过62年发展，已经制定了1部自治条例和47部单行条例，涉及政治、经济、文化、社会、教育、人口等领域，可以说是充分的行使着宪法赋予延边朝鲜族自治州的立法权。因此，已成为了全国各民族区域自治地方行使立法权的立法典范。但，国家已通过制定大量的法律、行政法规、规章等进行规制和管理的一般的、共同的事项，民族区域自治地方是否有必要再次制定单行条例等去规范和管理，值得探讨。避免出现为了立法的立法，应该加强对已制定自治条例和单行条例的有效的执行。
Abstract
Regional ethnic autonomy system, means that under the unified leadership of the state, in areas where various ethnic minorities inhabit, regional autonomy is practiced and organs of self-government are established to exercise the right of autonomy. Regional ethnic autonomy system is one of the basic political systems of china, it means ethnic minority who live in ethnic autonomous areas manage their own region's internal affairs to exercise the right of leadership. The legislative power of ethnic autonomous areas is the power that local People's Congress formulate autonomous regulations and separate regulations according to local political, economic and cultural characteristics. Autonomous regulations formulate basic problems and separate regulations formulate one aspect of the specific matters of regional national autonomy. They can make flexible provisions on the national laws and policies. Autonomous region’s must be submitted after the approval of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to take effect, autonomous prefecture’s and autonomous county’s must be submitted after the approval of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of province or autonomous region to take effect and reported to the Standing Committee of National People's Congress for the record. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as an area implement ethnic regional autonomy earlier (since September 3, 1952), after 62 years of development, has established 1 autonomous regulation and 47 separate regulations involving politics, economy, culture, society, education, population and so on. It can be said to fully exercise the legislative right of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. Therefore, it has become the legislative model on exercising legislative power of all ethnic autonomous areas. But there are some general, common matters that be regulated and managed by a large number of the formulation of laws, administrative regulations and rules. So, whether it is necessary that ethnic regional autonomy formulate specific regulations again to regulate and manage, it is worth discussing. In order to avoid this kind of legislation which just for legislation, we should strengthen effective execution of formulated autonomous regulations and separate regulations. Only in this way can reflect the legislative power’s legitimacy of the regional national autonomy.