추첨 방식의 주민자치위원회 구성에 관한 고찰

Abstract

The core of ancient Athenian democracy were sortitions. Boule, heliaia and archai were the key governing body of Athens. Members of boule and heliaia are all elected by sortitions and most of archai are elected by sortitions. The reason ancient Athens chose sortitions was the desire to achieve freedom and equality. They understood democracy was rule of ordinary people, not of elite, and political system anyone gained the same possibilities to become ruler. Sortitions were partly be used in ancient Rome and medieval Italy. Montesquieu and Rousseau insighted Elections are essentially noble, while sortitions are democratic. But after Modern Civil War, Elections have lain at the heart of a representative democracy, Sortitions were disappeared into the mists of history. It is difficult to see Sortitions in realpolitik today, but some scholars insist that it is necessary to form legislatures by sortitions to improve democracy. Examples of sortitions in Korea are sortitions for delegates of the Green Party, sortitions for the members of citizen participation budget local committees in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province and sortitions for the members of citizen participation budget committees in Seongbuk-gu, Seoul. With the start of the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, resident autonomy centers and resident autonomy committees are established to promote resident autonomy. But unfortunately, resident autonomy committees show their limits to realize resident autonomy because of the lack of representatives, insufficient authorities, weakness of the autonomous capacity. The biggest problem is that they can't guarantee resident representatives because of the lacks of democracy, transparency and fairness in the selection of the members of resident autonomy committees. To solve this problem, the ordinance prescribes for the election of the members of resident autonomy committees by sortitions. In this regard, I submit some proposals. First, it is very important to secure professionalism, independence and political neutrality of the resident autonomy school. second, with regard to sortitions, it is needed to provide how to decide eligibility for being a member of the resident autonomy committees and specify sampling methods. In closing, the Korean government should introduce sortitions to the selection of the members of the resident’s associations in order to settle them successfully.