일본의 콤팩트 도시 구축을 통한 지방도시재생에 관한 연구-다핵 네트워크형 콤팩트 도시 구축과 단핵 콤팩트 도시 구축의 비교분석 -

Abstract

This study analyzes urban regeneration of local cities through the establishment of compact city in Japan. The population of most local cities in Japan has been decreasing due to low fertility and aging, which has caused a so-called “hollowing out” phenomenon in the central area of cities as well as urban economic recession. In addition, administrative costs per resident and maintenance costs of the infrastructure have increased due to a population decline in urban outskirt areas, where such costs used to be externalized in the past when a city was undergoing development. In order to solve the problem of declining local cities, the Special Act on Urban Regeneration was revised in 2014. The implementation of this Act institutionalized urban regeneration of local cities through the establishment of a compact city. This study undertook a comparative analysis of urban regeneration through the establishment of a centralized compact city in Aomori and the establishment of a network-type multi-core compact city in Toyama, which were implemented in Japan. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. First of all, in the case of urban regeneration in local cities through the establishment of a centralized compact city, the central area of the city is activated by attracting large-scale commercial facilities to the central area of the city. However, due to the population size in local cities and high land value of the central city area, it is difficult to attract private capital that can lead to the development of large-scale commercial facilities. Secondly, in order to develop large-scale commercial facilities in such cases, the local government often cooperate with the private sector in the form of the third sector , which can cause a large increase in the financial burden. Thirdly, it was concluded that reintegrating the population to the central area of the city is not much effective, unless the housing cost burden in the central city area and basis of the livelihood are not taken into consideration. On the other hand, the network-type multi-core compact city , distributes major facilities and population in several major local areas as well as the central city area, which can take into account the present circumstances of the local city without forcefully integrating existing urban structures into one central city area. Secondly, if a traffic network is formed between the central city area and major local cole area by utilizing public transportation, it will increase the floating population and vitalize central city areas as well as major multi-cores. Thirdly, it was concluded that network-type multi-core compact cities can be developed faster than centralized compact cities because the former utilizes existing major multi-cores rather than integrating the existing facilities into the central city areas.