한국 초등학생 부모를 위한 부모양육불안 척도(KPAS-ES)의 개발 및 타당화
Development and Validation of the Korean Parenting Anxiety Scale for the Parents of Elementary School Children
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이 연구의 목적은 한국 초등학생 부모를 위한 부모양육불안 척도(KPAS-ES)를 개발하고 신뢰도와 타당도 및 실증적인 유용성을 검증하는 것이다. 문항개발을 위한 예비연구를 통해 양육불안의 구성개념과 예비 88문항을 작성하였으며 델파이 조사를 통해 내용타당도 검증하여 총 50문항의 예비 척도를 구성하였다. 연구 1에서는 만 6세에서 만 12세 이하 아동기 자녀를 둔 부모 264명을 대상으로 예비조사를 실시하고 자료를 수집하여 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 부모역할불안(6문항), 부모특성불안(5문항), 성장발달불안(4문항), 기대불안(4문항), 교육환경불안(5문항), 경제환경불안(3문항), 지지환경불안(4문항), 7요인 31문항이 최종적으로 선정되었다. 연구 2에서는 부모 483명을 대상으로 본 조사를 실시하고 확인적 요인분석을 통해 부모양육불안척도의 요인 구조 안정성과 적합성을 확인하였다. 어머니의 양육불안척도, 상태-특성불안척도, 학령기 부모의 양육행동척도, 부모의 역할만족도척도와의 상관을 통해 준거타당도, 수렴타당도, 변별타당도가 확인되었다. 마지막으로 구조방정식 모형을 검증을 통해 학부모 역할스트레스와 부모소진간의 관계에서 양육불안이 완전 매개함과 부모생활스트레스와 부모소진간의 관계에서는 양육불안이 부분 매개함을 확인하였다. 끝으로 연구 의의와 한계점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a Korean Parenting Anxiety Scale for the parents of Elementary School Children(KPAS-ES), and to verify reliability, validity, and empirical usefulness. Through preliminary research for item development, the composition concept of parenting anxiety and preliminary 88 questions were prepared, and the validity of the contents was verified through Delphi survey and a preliminary scale of a total of 50 questions was formed. In Study 1, a preliminary survey was conducted on 264 parents with children aged 6 to 12 years old, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted by collecting data. As a result, factor analysis was performed, and a 7 factor structure, 31 items were confirmed. In Study 2, a confirmative factor analysis on 483 parents showed a good fit. The stability and suitability of the factor structure for the Korean parenting anxiety scale was confirmed through looking into construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Finally, through verifying the structural equation model, it was confirmed that parenting anxiety is completely mediated in the relationship between parental role stress and parental burnout, and parenting anxiety is partially mediated in the relationship between parental life stress and parental burnout. This scale can be used in parental education and parenting policies, and is expected to be highly utilized as useful data for follow-up studies on parenting and child development. The significance and limitations of the study were discussed.
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