당대 중국 종교정책에 나타나는 권익의 보호와 통제 ― 2018년 수정 「종교사무조례」를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper focuses on Religious Affairs Ordinance, the collection of the religious policies of the Chinese government and examines the protection and the control aspects of the religious rights and interests in terms of three aspects; religious property, religious activity and status of religious minister. First, since 1980, the Chinese government has implemented the policy of returning the property of religion deprived by the state power in the past. The amended Religious Affairs Ordinance effective in 2018 has reflected the changing situation and added some specific provisions. It has not only supplemented and reinforced the contents in relation to the protection of property of religion, but added the financial management and tax administration to guarantee rights and interests related to the property of religion and intend to have the efficient control at the same time. Second, the Chinese government has intended to control religious activities efficiently by implementing the registration system for religious institutions, religious schools and places for religious activities. For religious institutions, only five registered religious institutions are allowed; Chinese Buddhism Association, Chinese Taoism Association, Catholic Patriotic Union of China, Chinese Christian Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee and Chinese Islam Association. In addition, it strongly controls the religious activities by allowing them only in the religious schools and the places of the religious activities under five religious institutions. Third, the Chinese government intends to implement the guarantee and control of the status of religious ministers at the same time by directly and indirectly intervening in the education of religious ministers and the status registration process. In particular, as for Tibetan Buddhism and Catholicism, despite the resistance within China and international condemnation, it is deeply involved in the appointment of religious ministers. On the other hand, the Chinese government is implementing a variety of status assurance policies only for the legally registered religious ministers. In conclusion, the religious policies of the Chinese government keep a balance between protection and control of rights and interests.