Guanxi, Modernity and Primordializing China
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이 글은 중국적 사회관계와 꽌시(關係)에 관한 기존 연구들이 서구적 모더니티의 전도된 자기이미지에 오염되어 상당한 정도의 허구적 지식을 양산해 왔다는 점을 비판적으로 조명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 막스 베버(Max Weber)와 페이샤오통(費孝通)을 위시한 일련의 학자들이 남긴 연구를 비판적으로 재고함으로써, 중국적 사회관계에 관한 허구적 지식체계가 그것을 재현하는 이론적 틀과 수사학적 전략의 확연한 변화에도 불구하고 장기적으로 지속되는 과정을 추적한다. 또한 특정한 학문적 담론의 구체적 내용에서 드러나는 분명한 불연속성에도 불구하고 그 근본적인 서사구조는 은밀하게 유지되는 원리를 설명하는 인류학자 아담 쿠퍼(Adam Kuper)의 ‘변환’(transformation) 개념에 입각해서, 그러한 허구적 지식체계가 생산되고 재생산되는 데 작동하는 논리적‧인식론적 기제를 파악한다. 이러한 일련의 비판적 분석과 재고를 통해 중국적 사회관계에 관한 허구적 지식체계가 중국 내외의 정치경제적, 역사적, 지적 환경과 의미심장하게 연동되어 중대한 이데올로기적 효과를 발휘하고 있음을 밝힌다. 마지막으로 그러한 이데올로기적 효과를 ‘중국의 시원화’(始原化, primordializing China)라는 개념을 통해 조명함으로써 중국에 관한 허구적 지식이 현대화 및 세계화 담론과 맞물려 학자들의 중국연구에 심대한 인식론적 영향력을 발휘하고 있음을 드러내고, 그것을 극복할 수 있는 대안적 접근의 방향을 모색한다.
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