副词“简直”的语法化研究
A study on the grammaticalization of the adverb “Jianzhi(简直)”
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초록
本论文運用語法化理論，從曆時角度分析探討了“简直”的语法化過程，分析了起主要作用的虚化机制，同時還考察了形容词“简直”、方式副词“简直”及语气副词“简直”之间的演变联系。当形容词“简直”的位置发生变化时，即前置于相邻形容时，在重新分析机制的作用下，会获得状语功能，用来修饰形容词谓语、动词谓语。形容词“简直”的语义特征，经过隐喻机制的作用，由空间域映射到方式域，形成方式副词。构成“简直”的“简”和“直”通过概念整合生成“完全”语义，随着使用频率的增加及主观化的发展，由“完全”义衍生出夸张语气，从而形成语气副词。同时，对于“简直”的演变过程，既往研究的意见存在分歧，通过考察，本文整理出呈并列状态的两条虚化链。
Abstract
As an adverb with high frequency of usage, “Jianzhi(简直)” is widely used. However, there are still many problems unsolved in the past. Based on the grammaticalization theory and cognitive theory, this paper dis-cussed the conditions and mechanisms during the grammaticalization process of “Jianzhi”. and clarified the relationships among the meanings of “Jianzhi”. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, When “Jianzhi” is located before other adjectives, it obtains the adverb function through reanalysis mechanism, and modifies adjective predicate and verb predicate. Secondly, under the influence of metaphor mechanism, the semantics of “Jianzhi” is mapped from spatial domain to mode domain. And “Jianzhi” derived the meaning of “fearfully”. Thirdly, through conceptual blending process “Jian” and “Zhi” generated the meaning of “completly”.
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