“신학은 학문이 아니다”라는 주장의 위험성과 개혁주의 신학적 대안
The Dangers of the Claim “Theology Is Not an Academic Discipline” and Reformed Theological Alternatives
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본 논문은 "신학은 학문이 아니다"라는 주장의 위험성을 검토하고 개혁주의 신학적 대안을 제시한다. 계몽주의적 이성주의는 자연과학 발전에 큰 영향을 미쳤지만, 이성주의, 경험주의, 회의주의에 대한 교조적 믿음으로 인해 신학에 심각한 피해를 입혔다. 이에 대한 대응으로 세 가지 주된 반응이 나타났다. 역사비평학이나 철학적 사조를 통해 신학의 학문적 지위를 입증하려는 시도, 신학과 학문의 분리를 주장하는 입장, 그리고 다른 관점에서 신학의 학문성을 인정하려는 노력이다. 본 논문은 최근 장종현의 "신학은 학문이 아니다"라는 주장을 비판적으로 분석하고, 그의 계시관, 신학관, 학문관의 문제점을 지적한다. 헤르만 바빙크의 보편학문 개념과 계시 이해를 바탕으로, "신학/학문이란 특별계시와 일반계시에 내재된 진리에 대한 체계적인 연구이다"라는 통합적 관점을 제시한다. 이 제안은 신학과 다른 학문이 모두 하나님의 계시를 주된 연구 대상으로 삼되, 일반학문은 일반계시를, 신학은 특별계시를 중심으로 연구하면서 진리 추구를 통해 상호 연관성을 유지해야 함을 시사한다. 이러한 접근은 신학의 고유한 특성을 보존하면서도 진정한 학문으로 확립한다.
Abstract
This paper examines the dangers of the claim "theology is not an academic discipline" and presents Reformed theological alternatives. While Enlightenment rationalism significantly influenced natural science development, its dogmatic belief in rationalism, empiricism, and skepticism severely damaged theology. Three main responses emerged to this challenge: attempts to validate theology's academic status through historical criticism or philosophical trends, arguments for separating theology from academia, and efforts to recognize theology's academic nature from different perspectives. The paper critically analyzes Jong-hyun Jang's recent claim that "theology is not an academic discipline," identifying problems in his views on revelation, theology, and academic disciplines. Drawing from Herman Bavinck's concept of universal science and his understanding of revelation, this study proposes an integrative perspective: "Theology/academic discipline is a systematic study of truth inherent in special and general revelation." This proposition suggests that both theology and other academic disciplines should primarily study God's revelation, with general disciplines focusing on general revelation and theology on special revelation, while maintaining their interconnectedness through the pursuit of truth. This approach establishes theology as a genuine academic discipline while preserving its unique characteristics.
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