성적 차이의 윤리: 가족의 문명화를 위하여
An Echics of Sexual Differences: Focusing on the Cultural Progress of the Family
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본 연구는 여성 시민의 동일성을 옹호하기 위한 전제로서 그것을 부정하는 데 기여해 온 근대 핵가족의 이념적 기초를 비판적으로 검토한다. 헤겔은양성의 윤리적 관계에 초점을 맞춘 예외적인 철학자로서『법철학』에서 시민사회와 국가로 나아가기 위한 일차적인 윤리적 계기로서 가족에 관해 논한 바 있다. 하지만 그가 제시한 윤리적 실체로서 가족은 여성의 독자적 욕망을 무시함으로써 여성의 시민적 실존을 배제한다. 여성을 가족 내 존재로 한정하는 이러한 관념을 변형하기 위해 본 연구는 이리가레의 논의에 주목한다. 이리가레는 서양 철학의 지배적인 주체성 모형을 비판하면서 남성의 결핍이나 반대물이 아닌, 고유성을 지닌 독자적인 성으로서 여성을 이해하고 여성의고유성과 욕망이 긍정적으로 표상될 수 있도록 문화적 통념을 변형하려고 시도한다. 이 과정에서 그녀는 헤겔의 사유에 개입함으로써 근대 결혼 제도에 내재한 여성 억압을 논증하고‘모친 살해’에 기초한 문화의 변형을 역설한다. 나아가 이리가레는 가족의 문명화를 대안으로 제시하는데 이는 여성과 남성의 유대가 자연에서 문화로 이행하는 것을 의미한다. 이리가레는 성차를 존중하는 문화가 타자를 억압하지 않는 새로운 문명의 기초가 될 것이라고 주장한다.
Abstract
In the Philosophy of Right, Hegel discusses the relationship between the family and the modern state. For Hegel, families remain ethical communities which embody the principle of the‘ immediate universality’. While stressing the importance of the family relating to the civil society and the state, He maintains women's exclusion from political and economical life. He tries to justify this exclusion from the nature which indicates women's essential domesticity. Continuously engaging in Hegel's thought, Irigaray argues that the family Hegel describes is not legitimate. She maintains that it is unjust because it necessitate women's confinement within it. To critique this exclusion of the feminine from humanity and make sexual difference to appear on the cultural horizon, she argues that it is necessary to do justice to the feminine based on a proper understanding of the sexual difference. It is well known that our civilization owes its reproduction to the basic natural reality of this difference. Nonetheless, sexual difference is considered to belong only to the realm of nature. Little attention is given to its contribution to the culture and to the maintenance of the independent male individual. As a result, the specificity of the women, that is maternity and sexuality, is reduced to a natural function which is seen as falls short of the mark of humanity. Taking into account the ethical dimension of relations between women and men, Irigaray pursues an alternative relational model based on mutual respect rooted in awareness of sexual difference and a vision, not so much natural as cultural and ethical, of the coexistence of female and male citizen. Consequently, She proposes an ethics of sexual difference which enables the development of a distinctively human culture within which women and men could begin to conduct family relationship justly.
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