사회적 자본 지수의 계측
A Measurement of Social Capital Index
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초록
사회적 자본은 경제주체 간의 협력을 증진 시키고 거래비용을 감소시켜 경제활동을원활하게 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 학계에서 사회적 자본 계측에 대한 연구는 활발하게 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 신뢰, 규범, 네트워크 세 가지 개념을 중심으로 사회적 자본 지수를 계측하는 방법을 제시하였으며 72개국의 2005-14 년 자료를 활용하여 국가별 지수를 계측하여 비교하였다. 한국의 사회적 자본 순위는 샘플국가 중 21위를 나타내고 있으며, 샘플에 포함된 23개 OECD국가 중 17위로비교적 낮은 수준인 것으로 평가된다. 또한, 사회적 자본은 1인당 소득, 소득불평등, 교육 등의 사회 경제적 변수들과 상호관계가 높은 것으로 추정되었다. 한국사회는현재 저성장과 양극화로 인한 사회적 통합의 위기를 맞고 있으며 사회적 자본 확충을 통하여 새로운 발전 모델을 모색하는 것이 필요하다.
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that social capital promotes economic activities by facilitating cooperation and lowering transaction costs among economic agents. However, rigorous academic research on the social capital measurement has been very scarce. This paper develops a social capital index which measures the level of social capital in the selected 72 countries. The index consists of three pillars: trust, norm and network. Korea is ranked at 21st among the sample countries and it trails behind other OECD countries in terms of social capital. We also have found that social capital index is highly correlated with other socioeconomic variables such as per capita income, education, and income inequality. Korea is currently in a critical situation that may soon turn into social inclusion crisis due to sluggish economic growth and polarization. The society is in dire need to accumulate social capital that will lead the country in creating a new development model.
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