1930년대 여성 노동자의 노동, 그리고 계급투쟁

Abstract

This paper analyzed three women author, Jang Dŏkcho, Ch'oe Chŏnghŭi, and Kim Malbong who worked in the 1930s using the theory of Barlibar. Barlibar focused on the orthodox Marxism concept of ‘class’ cannot explain an individual who had been overlapped roles at once especially not typical proletarians. For example, ‘the class’ is not appropriate to analyze female laborers who are influenced on sexuality and gender in the working place. It is necessary to develop the methodology to overcome ‘the class’ to see overdeterminated situation among laborers. The struggles of female laborers that achieved ‘right’ and ‘freedom’ for their sexuality are helpful to show another ‘class’ and ‘class struggle’. 「Jŏ-Hoe」, written by Jang Dŏkcho, is a story that a strike that was organized by female laborers against forced prostitution for following the supervisors’ direction; wearing dandy clothes to perform her work successfully. The strike suggests that a strong struggle power would be not a class contradiction but a sexual exploitation. 「Ninaui Se T'omak Kirok」, written by Ch'oe Chŏnghŭi, Nina, a protagonist in the novel, quitted her office job and joined a labor movement organization as well as got a job at a mill factory. When she decided to change her job, she also deprived her appearance of ‘New Women’. It revealed that she wished to define her by herself not male-centric perspective. Sunae, a protagonist of 「Mangmyŏng-nyŏ」, written by Kim Malbong, also found herself escaping from a stereotyped woman symbol using socialism that was introduced by Ch'ang-sŏb. However, socialism was not helpful for her to achieve the purpose because it did not consider sexualized social construction. This is the reason why she left from Ch'ang-sŏb, and she sought to her future by herself. Women in these novels protested sexist social environment expecially sexualized women symbols and expected sexuality works to women regardless their favor. The feminine appearance is a key factor to sexualize women and cover their various roles in society. Various roles at working places, daily life, and society reflect their overdeterminated characters. This is the reason why female laborers are explained not orthodox Marxism concept of ‘class’ but the sexualities and sexual differences.