고려시대 육자진언(六字眞言) 문물(文物)의 현황과 의의

Abstract

The Sadākśari Mantra was formed in ancient India and passed down to Central Asia and China. In particular, Tibetan Buddhism, where esoteric Buddhism has developed, has developed into a systematic and important object of faith. The mantra played an important role in esoteric Buddhism, and among them, the Sadākśari Mantra was the most religious. Although it is not clear when the Sadākśari Mantra was introduced to the Korean Peninsula, it is understood that it was introduced in the early Goryeo period based on related records. However, there are not many studies on the texts that contain or engrave the Sadākśari Mantra of the Goryeo Dynasty. Accordingly, the text engraved with the Sadākśari Mantra of the Goryeo Dynasty was summarized in general, and through those, the timing and development process of the Sadākśari Mantra and the significance of the Sadākśari Mantra were examined. Currently, the texts containing or inscribed with the Sadākśari Mantra of the Goryeo Dynasty are identified in various materials and types, including paper dharani, Hyangwan, Gyeonggap, Celadon, Cemetery stone, Bronze Bell and Tile. Among them, it is estimated that the Sadākśari Mantra was introduced to Goryeo around the 11th century, considering that the civilization of the Sadākśari Mantra was a definite period. It seems that the spread of the Sadākśari Mantra began in the middle of the 12th century, and it seems that it was widely spread in the 13th century and was believed in earnest. In addition, it is believed that the Sadākśari Mantra faith was greatly popular in the 14th century under the influence of esoteric Buddhism of the Yuan Dynasty in the late Goryeo Dynasty. At that time, the Sadākśari Mantra was recognized as a central mantra of esoteric Buddhism to build offerings or meritorious deeds. It was recognized as a transcendent mantra used in various fields. As such, the culture of the Goryeo Dynasty, which contains or is inscribed with the Sadākśari Mantra, is a useful material for grasping the development of the Sadākśari Mantra in the Goryeo Dynasty, such as its spread and prevalence.