조선총독부의원의 산파양성교육과 그 의미

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of midwifery training at the Hospital of the Government General of Korea, the content of the education provided, and the activities of its graduates. Under Japanese occupation, this government hospital initiated midwifery training, which became the model for similar programs at provincial hospitals and the foundation for nationwide midwifery education. On the one hand, the training aimed to “civilize” childbirth for Korean women, but on the other hand, it served to support Japanese immigrants. In the early years, midwifery education provided at the hospital was at a rudimentary level, designed primarily to employ Koreans as assistants to Japanese nursing staff. Additionally, Japanese language proficiency was required for admission and coursework, creating significant barriers for Korean women. Over time, as the midwifery system and educational content were significantly revamped, Korean midwives were able to acquire practical knowledge and skills, enabling them to practice independently. However, this shift was closely tied to the admission of Japanese students. Beginning in 1916, Japanese students were admitted to the program, and their numbers steadily increased. From 1920 onward, financial difficulties at the hospital led to a general curtailment of midwifery education. After graduation, Korean midwives faced challenges in finding employment at government or private hospitals run by Japanese. It was also difficult for them to establish independent midwifery practices. Thus, the midwifery training at the Hospital of the Government General of Korea appears to have been designed primarily for the benefit of the Japanese rather than Koreans. Throughout this process, Koreans were relegated to a peripheral role, lacking significant influence in shaping the initiative, the training content, or their subsequent professional activities.