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명상의 의학적 적용

Application of Meditation in Medical

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종학연구소|2019.12|宗學硏究 (Institute for the Study of the Jogye Order Journal)|제2권 |pp. 181-215|DOI 10.23222/jjos.2019.2..181

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참고문헌

키워드

명상마인드풀니스후생유전자뇌 변화신경심리적 변화
주제분류불교학

초록

명상과 마인드풀니스는 이미 대표적인 의학 용어 사전인 MeSH 용어로 등재되어 있고, 현대 의료 체계 내에서 건강과 웰빙에 초점을 맞춘 접근법을 강조하면서 정신적, 정서적, 기능적, 영적, 사회적, 공동체적 요소를 통합적으로 고려하는 의료서비스의 한 분야로 공식적인인정을 받고 있다. 최근 미국 통계에 따르면 대표적인 보완대체의학서비스 중에서도 명상이 요가나 카이로프렉틱에 비해 이용률의 매우가파른 증가세를 보이고 있다. 또 코크란 라이브러리, 임상시험등록사이트, Pubmed 등 주요 의학 관련 데이터베이스 통계를 살펴보면 명상을 주제로 한 의학 연구 숫자도 최근 10년 간 폭발적인 증가세를 보이고 있다. 명상에 의한 신경생물학적 변화는 유전자, 뇌 구조 및 기능, 신경심리학 등의 영역별로 명확하게 밝혀지고 있다. 명상은 후생유전자의 변화를 통해 만성 스트레스로 인한 염증성 반응이나 질환의 위험성을 현저히 낮출 것으로 보이고, 텔로미어 길이 변화로 건강한 노화를 기대할 수 있게 한다. 뇌영상 기법을 이용한 명상 연구에서 전두극 피질, 감각 피질, 섬엽, 전방 및 중앙 대상회피질, 해마, 안와전두피질, 상세로다발, 뇌량 등이 주요 변화 부위로 밝혀지고 있다. 대규모 종단 연구인 ReSource Project와 수천 건의 기능적 자기공명영상 결과의메타분석 엔진인 Neurosynth에 의한 연구 결과도 주목할 만하다. 또한마인드풀니스 명상은 주의력, 감정 조절, 자기 자각 능력의 향상을 가져온다고 보고되고 있다.

Abstract

Meditation and mindfulness are already listed in the MeSH list, and are officially recognized as a field of medical services that collectively consider mental, emotional, functional, spiritual, social and community factors, emphasizing an approach focused on health and well-being of people within the modern medical system. According to recent U.S. statistics, meditation among the leading complementary alternative medicine services shows a very steep increase in utilization rates compared to yoga and chiropractic. Also, in the major medicine-related database such as the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov Archive, and Pubmed, the number of studies under the theme of meditation has been on an explosive increase over the past decade. Neurobiological changes by meditation have been clearly identified in the fields of genes, brain structure and function, and neuropsychology. Meditation is expected to significantly reduce the risk of inflammatory reactions or inflammatory diseases due to chronic stress through changes in the epigenome, to enable healthy aging with changes in telomere length. Studies using brain imaging techniques have shown that the frontopolar cortex, sensory cortices, insula, anterior and middle cingulate cortex, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, superior longitudinal fasciculus, corpus callosum. ReSource Project by Max Planck Institute and Neuroynth, a meta-analysis engine of thousands of functional magnetic resonance imaging results, are also noteworthy. It is also reported that mindfulness meditation results in improved attention, emotional control, and self-awareness.

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