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구석기시대 해양 자원 활용 연구-대서양 지역 해양 포유류의 활용을 중심으로-

Research on the utilization of Marine resources in the Paleolithic -Focusing on the utilization of Marine mammals in the Atlantic region-

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주제분류역사학

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다양한 고고학 유적의 발굴과 연구를 통해 구석기 시대 사람들의 삶을 복원하고 이해할 수 있게 되었다. 일반적으로 구석기시대 사람들은 수렵과 채집을 주요 생존 방식으로 삼았으며, 사냥은 단순한 식량 확보를 넘어 육지 동물의 뼈, 뿔, 가죽 등을 도구, 장신구, 예술품 등 여러 용도로 활용했다. 해양 동물의 활용 또는 중요성이 육지 동물에 비해 비교적 낮았다고 볼 수 있지만, 해안 지역 또한 식량 자원이 풍부하고 접근이 용이하여 선사시대 사람들에게 중요한 생존 환경이었을 것이다. 그러나 구석기시대 사람들이 해양 자원을 어떻게 활용했는지는 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 일부 내륙 지역에 있는 유적에서 발견되는 여러 증거와 일정하게 해안가를 찾는 해양 포유류의 생태적 습성 등을 고려할 때, 구석기시대 사람들이 해양 자원을 일정 부분 활용했을 가능성이 있다. 후기 구석기시대의 유적지에서 발견된 고래와 물개류의 뼈는 당시 사람들이 해양 포유류를 식량 및 장신구나 도구로 활용했을 가능성을 보여주며, 조개껍데기를 이용한 장신구와 도구, 갑각류와 조개류 등의 잔해가 해안 지역뿐만 아니라 내륙 지역에 있는 유적에서도 확인된다는 점은 이를 뒷받침하고 있다. 이러한 발견은 해양 자원의 수집 및 사용이 구석기시대 인류의 생존 방식에 미친 영향을 이해하는 데 중요한 단서를 제공한다. 최근 수년간 구석기시대 인류가 해양 자원을 어떻게 활용했는지를 규명하기 위한 연구가 남부 유럽의 유적을 중심으로 이루어지고 있다. 특히 구석기시대 해양 포유류 연구는 해양 환경과 그 자원 이용의 역사를 밝히는 데 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 구석기시대 해양 자원, 특히 해양 포유류인 물개와 고래류와 인간의 상호 관계에 대한 연구 동향을 살펴보고, 해양 자원 이용의 중요성을 이해하고자 한다. 또한 한반도에서의 선사시대 해양 포유류와 해양 자원에 대한 고고학적 연구와 향후 연구 방향에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

Abstract

Today, through the excavation and research of various archaeological sites, we can restore and understand the lives of Paleolithic people. In general, Paleolithic people used hunting and gathering as their main means of survival, and hunting went beyond simply securing food, and they used the bones, horns, and skins of land animals for various purposes such as tools, ornaments, and art. Although the use or importance of marine animals can be seen as relatively low compared to land animals, coastal areas were also abundant in food resources and were easily accessible, so they must have been an important survival environment for prehistoric people. The bones of whales and seals found in the late Paleolithic sites show that people at that time may have used marine mammals as food, ornaments, and tools, and the fact that ornaments and tools made of shells, crustaceans, and shellfish have been found in sites located not only in coastal areas but also inland areas supports this. These findings provide important clues to understanding the impact of the collection and use of marine resources on the survival methods of Paleolithic humans. Therefore, this paper examines research trends on the relationship between Paleolithic marine resources, especially marine mammals such as seals and whales, and humans, and seeks to understand the importance of marine resource use.

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