주택침입범죄 예방 타겟하드닝 (target hardening) 사업 전‧후 범죄두려움 증감에 대한 잠재프로파일 분석
A Latent Profile Analysis of Differences in Fear of Crime Before/After the Target Hardening against Domestic Burglary
0
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
주택방범시설 타겟하드닝은 최근 일부 지방자치단체에서 침입범죄에 취약한 인구집단을 위한 상황적 범죄예방 기법으로 활용되기 시작하였다. 공적 영역이 주도할 뿐만 아니라 소요되는 비용 역시 적지 않아 해당 프로그램에 대한 세밀한 효과성 평가가 필수적이나, 국내‧외 문헌의 관심은 제한적이었으며보고 역시 일관적이지 않았다. 이러한 문헌의 공백을 채우기 위해, 본 연구는표본을 정규분포는 물론 혼합분포로도 가정하여 일련의 통계분석모형들을 설계하였다. 분석모형별 주요 추정결과를 순차적으로 기술하면, (1) 주택 소유자가 아닌 세입자일수록, 사후 지역사회의 무질서 수준이 감소했다고 인식할수록 사후 범죄두려움 역시 감소할 가능성이 높았고(다중회귀분석), (2) 사전-사후 범죄두려움 최대 감소 집단(집단1), 사전-사후 범죄두려움 중간 감소 집단(집단2), 그리고 사전-사후 범죄두려움 변화 없음 집단(집단3) 세 가지 잠재프로파일로 유형화할 수 있었으며(잠재프로파일 분석), (3) 주택 소유자일수록또는 사후 무질서 인식 수준의 감소폭이 작은 응답자일수록 집단1보다 집단2 또는 집단3에 속할 가능성이 높았다(다항로지스틱 분석). 끝으로 정책적 함의와 연구의 한계가 한국적 맥락에서 논의되었다.
Abstract
Target hardening has recently been used by some local governments as a situational crime prevention technique for population vulnerable to home invasion crimes. Although nuanced impact evaluation of the program is essential as it is led by the public sector, to date, previous studies have paid insufficient attention to its effectiveness. Moreover, their findings are not conclusive. To fill the gap in the literature, this study attempts to estimate a series of statistical models, assuming that the sample is not only a normal distribution but also a mixture distribution. Results show that (1) non-homeowners, as well as those who report lower levels of pre/post-disorder, are more likely to experience lower levels of post-fear of crime (multiple linear regression), (2) there exist pre/post-fear of crime maximum reduction group (latent profile 1), pre/post-fear of crime medium reduction group (latent profile 2), and pre/post-fear of crime no change group (latent profile 3) (latent profile analysis), and (3) homeowners or those who report lower levels of pre/post-disorder are more likely to belong to latent profiles 2 and 3, instead of latent profile 1 (multinomial logistic regression). Both policy implications and limitations are discussed in the Korean context.
참고문헌 (37)
- 김강일, "침입범죄 방지를 위한 타겟하드닝 CPTED에 관한 준실험설계 연구: 안산시 주민 설문조사를 중심으로", 환경디자인과 안전, 10(1), pp.7~32 (2019), 한국셉테드학회[DOI]
- 박정선, "범죄두려움에 관한 다수준적 접근 : 주요 모델들의 검증", 형사정책연구, 21(3), pp.173~203 (2010), 한국형사법무정책연구원
- 박현호, "WDQ분석을 통한 타겟하드닝 CPTED의 침입범죄 예방효과 검증:안산시 사례 중심으로", 시큐리티연구, (56), pp.9~30 (2018), 한국보안관리학회[DOI]
- 윤우석, "범죄예방 환경조성사업의 범죄안전인식 개선효과 검증", 한국범죄심리연구, 11(3), pp.153~180 (2015), 한국범죄심리학회
- 정진성, "방범용 CCTV에 대한 인식이 여성의 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향", 한국경찰연구, 13(2), pp.341~368 (2014), 한국경찰연구학회
- 전국범죄피해조사 2016, "최수형", 한국형사정책연구원, ~ (2017)
- 황의갑, "도시지역과 읍면지역 간 범죄에 대한 두려움의 수준과 영향요인의 차이", 형사정책, 21(2), pp.295~323 (2009), 한국형사정책학회[DOI]
- Bergman, L. R., "A person-oriented approach in research on developmental psychopathology", Development and Psychopathology, 9(2), pp.291~319 (1997)
- Braga, A. A., "Policing Problem Places: Crime Hot Spots and Effective Prevention" (2010), Oxford University Press
- Brantingham, P. L., "Theoretical model of crime hot spot generation", Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 8(1), pp.7~26 (1999)
- Ceccato, V., "Elderly Victimization and Fear of Crime in Public Spaces", International Criminal Justice Review, 26(2), pp.115~133 (2016)
- Clarke, R. V., "Technology, Criminology and Crime Science", European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 10, pp.55~63 (2004)
- Clarke, R. V., "Situational Crime Prevention : Successful Case Studies", The British Journal of Criminology, 33(3), pp.450~453 (1997)
- Clemente, F., "Fear of crime among the aged", The Gerontologist, 16, pp.207~210 (1976)
- Cornish, D. B., "Opportunities, Precipitators and Criminal Decisions : a Reply to Wortley’s Critique of Situational Crime Prevention", Crime Prevention Studies, 16, pp.41~96 (2003)
- Cornish, D. B., "The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending" (1986), Springer
- Crowe, T. D., "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design" (2000), Butterworth-Heinemann
- Dais, J. G., "Bootstrap methods for measuring classification uncertainty in latent class analysis", Proceedings in computational statistics, pp.31~41 (2006), Springer
- Ferraro, K. F., "Fear of crime : Interpreting victimization risk" (1995), State University of New York Press
- Garofalo, J., "The fear of crime : Causes and consequences", Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 72, pp.839~857 (1981)
- Garofalo, J., "The fear of crime : Broadening our perspective", Victimology, 3, pp.242~253 (1978)
- Goldstein, H., "Improving Policing : A Problem-Oriented Approach", Crime &Delinquency, 25, pp.236~258 (1979)
- Park, H., "Global trends in the standardization of the burglary resistance testing of security hardware", Security Journal, 31(5), pp.1~18 (2018)
- Jackson, J., "A psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime", Psychology, Crime & Law, 15, pp.365~390 (2009)
- Jeffery, C. R., "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design", American Behavioral Scientist, 14(4), pp.598~598 (1971)
- Johnson, S. D., "Evaluation of operation swordfish : A near-repeat target-hardening strategy", Journal of Experimental Criminology, 13, pp.505~525 (2017)
- Lagrange, R. L., "Perceived Risk and Fear of Crime : Role of Social and Physical Incivilities", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29(3), pp.311~334 (1992)
- Liska, A. E., "Functions of crime : A paradoxical process", American Journal of Sociology, 96(6), pp.1441~1463 (1991)
- Lo, Y., "Testing the number of components in a normal mixture", Biometrika, 88(3), pp.767~778 (2001)
- McLachlan, G. J., "Finite Mixture Models" (2000), Wiley
- Muthén, L. K., "Mplus User's Guide" (1998), Muthén & Muthén
- Newman, O., "Defensible Space : Crime Prevention Through Urban Design" (1972), Collier Books
- Nylund, K. L., "Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling : A Monte Carlo simulation study", Structural Equation Modeling, 14(4), pp.535~569 (2007)
- Rountree, P. W., "A Reexamination of the Crime-Fear Linkage", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35(3), pp.341~372 (1998)
- Schreck, C. J., "Sources of fear of crime at school", Journal of School Violence, 2(4), pp.57~79 (2003)
- Tseloni, A., "The effectiveness of burglary security devices", Security Journal, 30(2), pp.646~664 (2017)
- Yuan, Y., "Reactions to crime : A multilevel analysis of fear of crime and defensive and participatory behavior", Journal of Crime and Justice, 39(4), pp.455~472 (2015)
