작업장의 기술격차와 고령화의 생산성 효과
Technology Divide and Productivity Effect of Aging Workforce
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본 연구는 근로자의 고령화가 작업장의 기술수준에 따라 노동생산성에 어떤 영향을미치는지를 분석한다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 작업장의 고령근로자 비중과 기술수준을파악할 수 있는 자료인 한국노동연구원의 사업체 패널(2005∼2015)을 이용하여 1인당부가가치에 미치는 효과를 이중차분(DID) 방법으로 추정한다. 분석결과, ICT 관련 작업장, 자동화 수준이 높은 사업장, 신기술을 도입하는 사업장에서 고령화가 생산성에더 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정되었다. 흥미로운 사실은 남성 고령자 비중의 증가보다는 여성 고령자 비중의 증가가 기술수준이 높은 사업장에서 노동 생산성을 더 크게 낮추고 있다는 것이다. 이러한 결과는 고령화와 자동화가 급속하게 진행되고 있는우리나라에서 앞으로 기업의 1인당 생산성은 하락할 가능성이 높음을 시사한다. 따라서 기술진보가 큰 기업일수록 고령 근로자, 특히 여성 고령근로자에 대한 교육훈련이강화될 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzes how the aging of workers affects labor productivity depending on the technology level of the workplace. Specifically, this study estimates the effect of aging on the value added per employee by the DID (difference in difference) method using the Workplace Panel Survey (2005-2015) of the Korea Labor Institute, which provide detailed information on the proportion of old workers in the workplace and technology level. Our results indicate that an increase in the proportion of old workers has had a greater negative effect on labor productivity in the workplace where the use of computers and electronic devices has been high. In addition, when the technology is measured by the degree of automation of the workplace and the introduction of new production technology, the negative productivity effects of an increase in the proportion of old workers are found to be more serious. Interestingly, an increase in the proportion of old female workers is found to have a greater negative effect on the labor productivity than an increase in the proportion of old male workers. With rapid aging and automation progression in Korea, our results suggest that the labor productivity in Korean firms is likely to decline in future. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen education and training for old workers, especially female old workers, in high-tech workplaces.
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