근로자 고령화가 기업의 신기술 도입과 생산성에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Aging Workforce on the Adoption of New Technologies and Productivity
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본 연구는 한국노동연구원(Korea Labor Institute:KLI)의 사업체패널조사 2∼5차년도 자료를 활용하여 기업의 고령 근로자 비중과 연령분포가 기업의 신기술 도입과 생산성에 미치는 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 연령구조와 미관측 이질성 간의 관계로 인한 내생성 문제를 고려하기 위해 상관임의효과(Correlated Random Effect:CRE) 모형을 이용하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 단순 프로빗 모형에서 고령 근로자의 비중이 높을수록, 근로자가 특정 연령대에 집중될수록 신기술 도입 확률이 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. 그러나 내생성 문제를 통제한 이후 그 영향은 약해졌다. 연령구조와 생산성 간의 관계에서도 동일한 양상이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기업의 미관측 이질성과 근로자의 연령구조 간 관련이 있으며, 근로자의 고령화가 신기술 도입에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 기존 연구결과들이 실제보다 과대 추정되었을 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between age structure of employee and adoption of new technologies. Futhermore, it analyzes the effect of age structure on firm’s productivity. The empirical analysis is based on the 2nd～5th KLI workplace panel survey data. Correlated random effect(CRE) model allows us to consider the endogeneity problem occurred as the age structure and unobserved heterogeneity are correlated. Main results are as following. Simple probit model shows that an aged workforce as well as concentrated age structure are negatively related to the probability of technology adoption. However, when we control endogeneity problem by CRE model, its negative effect is significantly decreased. Same result is obtained by the relationship between age structure of employee and productivity of the firms. It implies that the endogeneity between age structure of employee and unobserved heterogeneity could result in upward bias which could exaggerate existing literature’s negative effect of an aged workforce on adoption of new technologies.
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