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정체성 정치의 계보학: 인종 ․종교적 민족주의와 세계화

A Genealogy of Identity Politics: Ethno-religious Nationalism and Globalisation

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이 논문은 전통적인 인종 ․ 종교적 정체성이 탈근대적 세계화의 심화과정에어떻게 개입하게 되었는가에 대한 계보를 추적해 보려고 한다. 이를 위해 먼저민족정체성 또는 민족주의가 근대적인 현상인지 고래로부터 상존해 온 것이었는지를 살펴본 다음, 세속적인 근대 민족주의는 어떤 특징을 갖는가를 알아보고, 인종 ․ 종교적이거나 시민적인 유형의 민족주의가 근대와 탈근대의 시대를거치면서 진화하는 과정을 일별한다. 이어 금세기에 들어 예기치 않았던 세계화의 침노로부터 정체성을 수호하려는 인종 ․ 종교적 민족주의의 반응을, 세계화를 무시하거나, 반대하거나, 이를넘어 독자적인 미래를 설계하는 세 가지 유형으로 요약한다. 결론적으로 초국가적 공동체의식과 세계적 시민성을 표방하는 세계화가 심화되는 가운데 새롭게부활하는 정체성 정치는 근대 민족주의의 정당한 한 전개방식이며, 필연적이지는 않더라도 어느 정도는 자연스러운 세계화 과정의 부산물이라 평가한다.

Abstract

This essay is an attempt to establish a genealogy of how the traditional ethno-religious identities have been engaged in the deepening process of postmodern globalisation. For this purpose, it first probes whether the national identity or nationalism has been just a modern phenomenon or a perennial presence from antiquity. Following are an examination of known idiosyncrasies of secular modern nationalism and a mapping of the evolutionary process of nationalism of its ethno-religious and civic types through modern and postmodern eras. It goes on to sum up in three ways the efforts on the part of ethno-religious nationalism to sustain a sense of national community from the unexpected inroads of globalisation: one where nationalism ignores, where it opposes, and where it envisions its own future. Then the essay concludes the new emergences of identity politics in the depths of globalisation, putatively geared towards a transnational sense of community and global citizenship, constitute a rather legitimate development and a natural, if not necessary, by-product of globalisation.

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