긴장의 원천인 시민권: 시민권 담론의 다층성에 대한 이론적 검토
Citizenship as a Source of Tension: A Theoretical Discussion on Overdetermined Characteristics of Citizenship Discourses
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시민권(citizenship 혹은 citizenship rights)은 대개 특정 정치 공동체에 소속함, 그로 인해 부여되는 권리(와 이에 대칭되는 의무), 그리고 이를 가능하게 하는사회적 조건의 총체를 일컫는다. 시민권에 대한 논의는 그 출발점부터 정치 사상적 측면과 법적, 제도적 측면이 복합되어 있다. 이 두 층위 사이의 긴장 관계에 더해, 시민권과 관련한 정치 ․ 사회현상에 대한 경험적 논의를 시작하면 문화적이고 상징적인 측면들과 규범적이고 윤리적인 측면들이 헝클어진 실타래처럼서로 엉켜 있음을 발견하게 된다. 이렇듯 시민권에 대한 논의는 사상, 제도, 문화, 규범이라는 다층적 복합성을 포함하고 있기 때문에 시민권을 둘러싼 사회현상이 특징적으로 나타내고 있는 불평등이라는 시민권의 역설에 대한 해명 또한, 최소한 분석적으로는 그러한 다층성에 대한 인식에서 출발해야 한다. 이글에서는 시민권의 다층성과 이로 인한 불확정성(indeterminacy)에 주목할 수있는 역사 사회학적 기반을 제시하고자 한다.
Abstract
Citizenship rights generally refer to an ensemble of individuals’ membership in a certain political community, entailed rights and duties, and enabling social conditions. Although the definition makes it seemingly certain, citizenship are indeed an undetermined object, discourses of which are historically overdetermined by various aspects such as tradition of political thought, related institutional arrangements, cultural legacies of individuals and their related ethical concerns. By examining tensions among these overdetermining layers of citizenship discourses, the paradox of citizenship, that citizens’ claim of universal equality tends to end up with actual inequalities among them, can be fruitfully understood.
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