관음시식에 내재된 불성관 고찰

Abstract

One of the greatest characteristics of Korean Buddhist ritual can be uposadha. ‘Buddhism’s ritual includes the meaning of ‘doing an act of charity’. The memorial service(齋) is the ritual which tells living people and dead persons about ‘Buddha’s doctrines’. This ritual must include ‘offering food’. Offering types of food include offering the food to the Bodhisattva of compassion, the ceremony about Bodhisattva, offering the food to flower garland, offering the food to a spiritual ghost with the Dharma talk to release the pain of a sick person, general memorial services of Buddhism, and memorial services of great buddhist monks or teachers. Offering the food to the Bodhisattva of compassion is a form of the memorial service which prays for the repose of dead persons’ souls depending on mercy of Avalokitesvara held in Buddhism. This ritual is conducted after have a service offered for the repose of the dead or on sacrificial days or holidays. The procedure is largely classified into four things of first, the ritual to call spirits of dead persons, second, proof ritual, third, the ritual to offer food, and fourth, the solemnity ritual. ‘Buddha nature’ means ‘Buddha’s nature and the property of awakening the enlightenment itself, or the possibility to be able to be Buddha’. The 『Buddha theory』 was written by Vasubandhu. It systematically discusses Buddha nature and says that all the sentient beings originally have Buddha nature. This treatise consists of four parts of dependent origination, “Pajipbun”, “Hyeonchebun”, and “Byeonsangbun(sutra illustration transformation)”. The 『Buddha theory』 shown in spiritual dharma words of offering the food to the Bodhisattva of compassion is shown as ‘essence of Buddha nature’ in Chapter 1 of 「three forms of patience, endurance, or tolerance of adversity」in Chapter 3 of 「Hyeonchebun」 in the ritual to call spirits of dead persons. And tathagatagarbha in Chapter 3 of 「Yeoraejangpum」of Chapter 3 「Hyeonchebun」 has the three meanings of things which should be obtained, things which are not revealed because they hid by themselves, and things which already got ready. And The 『Buddha theory』 is shown as invariability of svalaksana of Buddha nature in Chapter 1 of 「Jachesangpum」in Chapter 4 of 「Sutra Illustration Transformation」, Nirvana of non-abiding that the results of Buddha nature means the things which does not adhere to anything including several stages of ordinary persons and Buddha before the practice phase and two stages and ten grounds in Chapter 3 of 「Hyeongwapum」in Chapter 4 of 「Sutra Illustration Transformation」, ‘four causes’ which should be removed to obtain Tathagata in Chapter 2 of 「Myeonginpum」in Chapter 4 of 「Sutra Illustration Transformation」, and ‘prakrtistham’ and ‘samudanitam’ in 「Mubyeonipum」in Chapter 4 of 「Sutra Illustration Transformation」. In the ritual to offer the food, three kinds of nature are the three kinds of self-nature and the three kinds of non-self identity or non-existence. The three kinds of non-self identity or non-existence includes ‘laksana-nihsvabhavata’, ‘upapatti-nihsvabhavata’, and ‘paramarthanihsvabhavata’. And the three kinds of self-nature includes ‘Discrimination’, ‘dependence’, and ‘honesty’. It’s invariability of svalaksana of Buddha nature in Chapter 1 of 「Jachesangpum」in Chapter 4 of 「Sutra Illustration Transformation」, asampbhinna in five characteristics of dharma-kāya and adherence to objects and main agents of extinction which is one of the six characteristics that escape from both extremes in Chapter 9 of 「Mubyeonipum」in Chapter 4 of 「Sutra Illustration Transformation」, the three kinds of non-self identity or non-existence and Buddha nature in Chapter 2 of 「Samseongpum」in Chapter 3 of 「Hyeonchebun」. Tathagata in Chapter 1 of 「Yeongibun」 said that all living beings have Buddha nature to remove five errors and five kinds of Guna. Second, it is shown as observation of pleasure in Nirvana in the characteristics of the effects of ‘pure Buddha nature’ in Chapter 4 of 「Saneungpum」in Chapter 4 of 「Sutra Illustration Transformation」. Like this, this paper tells emptiness thought from pivot words to gathas of four lines in 『The Nirvana Sutra』 when understanding of thought and Buddha nature are considered through the dharma words or gathas shown in offering the food to the Bodhisattva of compassion. These dharma words intend to get ordinary persons to go to the world of Nirvana after dispelling obsession which was lastly left in the departed spirits that Cheondo should be done and imply that of all living beings should remove their selfishness of Discrimination and their life and death depend on their mind because emptiness is not different from formation when they realize Buddha nature as all of them have it. This can be the core idea of Mahayana Buddhism.