明代瑜伽教僧專職化與社會需求(經懺)
The specialization and social needs of yoga teaching in the Ming Dynasty
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本文首先針對明洪武15年(1382)太祖實行瑜伽教及其教僧的職權與地位法定化等諸多相關措施，檢討其所以施行的政治考量和社會基礎｡同時探討何謂「瑜伽」及其演變成專行經懺施食等法事內容之瑜伽教的可能形成過程｡ 其次，就明太祖頒布的瑜伽科儀、經價與民間落實狀況予以檢討，尤其在經懺價格方面，進一步分析政策規定的公定價難以落實的宗教心理因素｡瑜伽教僧因社會市場的高度需求，故收入豐厚，禪講二宗僧眾與一般世俗之人紛紛轉投入此行業者甚眾｡這不僅俗化亦即淺化明代佛教內涵，同時也導致僧眾素質的低落而衝擊著僧團律行的維持，甚至造成社會的問題｡故日本學者龍池清認為太祖將教僧與禪、講僧地位鼎立，是中國佛教教團史上劃時代的改變｡
Abstract
This paper firstly reviews the political considerations and social foundations of the implementation of the teaching and legalization of yoga teaching and its teachings in the 15th year of Ming Hongwu (1382), and discusses what is meant by "yoga" and its evolution. It is possible to form a yoga teaching process that is specialized in the application of ritual content such as medicinal purposes. Secondly, it reviews the status of yoga instruments, price and civil implementation issued by Ming Taizu, especially in terms of price, and further analyzes the religious psychological factors that are difficult to implement in public pricing. The yoga teaching is highly demanded by the social market. Therefore, the income is rich, and the Zen sects of the two sects and the general secular people have turned to the industry very much. This is not only vulgarization, but also shallowing the connotation of the Ming dynasty Buddhism, but also leading to the decline of the quality of the monks and the impact of the squad. The maintenance of the society has even caused problems in society. Therefore, the Japanese scholar Long Chiqing believes that Taizu will teach and meditation and meditation, and it is an epoch-making change in the history of the Chinese Buddhist Order.
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