일제 말기 농촌/농민문학에 나타난 일본 농본주의의 영향과 전유 양상에 관한 연구

Abstract

Paying attention to the point that most of Korean literary works published in the end of Japanese colonial period showed the form of agricultural/farmer literature, this paper analyzed the effects and appropriation aspects of Japanese agriculture-first principle on those works. Though the concept named agriculture-first principles may be too loose and wide, in this paper, the concept is intended to be used as that containing nationalistic political nature discussing the place where agriculture-first principles are changed and start by some political contexts in the process of modernization in which agricultural villages which compose most of the national land are dissolved and the identity of farmers which compose most of the national people are threatened. Especially, Japanese agriculture-first principles are one of typical right-wing ideas involved in unconsciousness of the Japanese people and which are related to the Emperor system functioning as Priest in rice farming. Such an idea of agriculture-first principles had consistent and widespread effects in the era of Japanese imperialism, but the time when direct influence can be confirmed is 1930s～1940s. Rural enlightenment novels in 1930s represent farming villages as unpolluted space and rediscover there the lost racial nature. The novels in the late 1930s and the early 1940s present narration of 'rehabilitation' more predominantly than that of 'enlightenment'. The rural enlightenment movement did not continue until the end of 1930s, and as the effects of rural area promotion movement become large, farmers voluntarily get to stress 'rehabilitation'. It can be said that while the rural villages/farmers literature in 1930s like 『The Earth』 of Lee Gwangsu focus on 'Enlightenment' activities for urban intellectuals and students, the rural villages/farmers novels like Lee Muyeong and Lee Geunyeong's novels in the end of the Japanese imperialism propose ethical human types among farmers as examples, showing mental 'rehabilitation' processes of rural area through such figures. The novels based on the farming villages in Manchuria An Sugil's and Lee Giyeong's works were clearly influenced by agriculture-first principles and propose in detail designs in administrative, economic and cultural areas that must be prepared as an autonomous organization. That is because that the image of an ideal autonomous organization can be more easily realized in Manchuria that seems to be newly generated and undeveloped country than the literary works created in Joseon. This paper intends to point out that the works based on farming villages in Manchuria such as An Sugil's 『Bukhyangbo』 or Lee Giyeong's 『Son of the Earth』 show differences from works based on farming villages in Joseon in that those in Manchuria present more clearly rehabilitation as 'people' and nationalistic directivity, and such national directivity aims at Japanese imperialism but 'other' nation. It means that because the area is not colonial Joseon but Manchuria, also because the writers are Koreans who have desires to escape from the Japanese imperialism, the agriculture-first principles created from An Sugil's or Lee Giyeong's works may be a state only for Koreans or a multi-racial state which could not be imagined in the colonial Joseon. This can be said to be appropriation aspects in Manchuria different from Japanese agriculture-first principles novels and also from rural enlightenment novels in 1930s.