긍정적․부정적 사전반추와 주의분산이 대학생의 사회불안에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Positive, Negative Pre-event rumination and Distraction in Social Anxiety of University Students
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연구목적: 본 연구는 사회불안경향이 있는 대학생을 대상으로, 긍정적 및 부정적 사전반추와 주의분산 조건이 사회불안을 포함한 여러 인지적 변인에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 사회불안경향이 있는 대학생 53명을 긍정적 사전반추(n = 17), 부정적 사전반추(n = 17), 주의 분산 조건(n = 19)에 무선 할당하여 상태불안과 가능성 및 대가 편향에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 발표 전과 후에 상태-특성 불안척도(STAI)와 사회 염려 평가 척도(ASC), 자기초점적 주의 척도(SFA)를 실시하고 자신의 수행을 평정하도록 하였다. 연구결과: 첫 번째로, 주의분산 조건과 비교하여 부정적 사전반추 조건에서 조건 유도 전과 비교하여 조건 유도 후에 불안이 증가하였다. 두 번째로, 가능성 및 대가 편향과 관련해서는 모든 조건에서 조건 유도 후 사회적 상황에서 부정적인 일이 일어날 가능성을 더욱 높게 평가하였다. 그리고 부정적 사전반추 조건에서는 조건 유도 전과 비교하여 조건 유도 후에 사회적 상황에서 부정적인 일로 인한 대가가 더욱 클 것이라 예상하였으나, 주의 분산 조건에서는 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 긍정적 사전반추 조건에서 조건 유도 전과 후 변화가 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째로 자기 초점적 주의 및 수행과 관련하여서는 다른 조건과 비교하여 부정적 사전반추 조건의 참가자들은 자신의 수행에 주의를 기울이는 것으로 나타났으며, 자신의 수행을 낮게 예상하고 발표 후에도 수행을 낮게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구 결과는 사회불안에 있어서 사전반추에 대한 중요성과 함께 부정적 사전반추를 감소시키기 위한 치료적 개입의 필요성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Objective: The present study examined the effects of positive, negative pre-event rumination and distraction during a speech task in 53 high socially anxious individuals. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to an positive (n = 17) or negative pre-event rumination (n = 17) or distraction (n = 19). Participant’s initially completed state based measures and either engaged in positive or negative pre-event rumination or distraction task. Then, participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety (STAI) and cognitive measures (possibility and cost bias, self-focused attention, Performance appraisal) before and after a speech task. Results: Result revealed that compared to distraction, participants engaging in negative pre-event rumination showed significantly increased state anxiety. Additionally, although possibility bias were increased in all conditions, participants who distracted reported reduced cost bias and those who engaged in negative pre-event rumination reported increased cost bias. Also, participants who engaged in negative pre-event rumination focused on their performance and expected to perform poorly, and rated their speech performance as poorer than distraction. Conclusion: This result suggests that pre-event rumination is significant with respect to social anxiety, and therapeutic intervention is necessary to reduce negative pre-rumination.
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