예수의무정죄(non-condemnation) 선언: 용서인가? - ‘간음한 여인 이야기’(요한복음 7:53-8:11), 그 장구한 표류의 역사 -
Jesus' Saying of Non-condemnation: Does it mean Forgiveness? - The long history of floating of the Pericope of Adulteress - (John 7:53-8:11)
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The so-called “PA” that is short for 'Pericope of Adulteress' (John 7:53-8:11) has long been floating since the early church. It is widely agreed that PA, for it's generous attitude toward sexual sin, has been ruled out from canonical text of the Gospel of John until at least 4th century. This means PA has so far been construed as referring to Jesus' forgiveness of adultery,which is a long-held assumption. However, there can be very little reason that Jesus Himself in PA acquitted the woman of the adultery charge, because His saying “let him throw a stone at her”(8:7) clearly indicates Jesus agreed with the Mosaic law's condemnation on the adultery. Jesus' long-lasting silence to the accusers' continuous offensive, on the one hand, has the offensive lead to its climax and maximizes the effectiveness of the condemnation,on the other hand, creates the maximum effectiveness of Jesus' saying of execution of stoning punishment. Some scholars argued that Jesus' declaration of non-condemnation (v. 11)is equivalent to that of forgiveness in the Synoptic traditions (Matt 9:1-6//Mark 2:1-10//Luke 5:17-24; Luke 7:36-50). This opinion, however, may turn out to be unpersuasive because of the following three reasons; (1)While in the Synoptic traditions Jesus' forgiveness is to be declared on the basis of one's faith or repentance, in PA Jesus' non-condemnation is to be declared to the adulteress with no sign of repentance or faith. (2) While in PA and the pericope of healing in Bethesda pool (John 5:2-9) Jesus' declaration of non-condemnation and that of healing are accompanied by Jesus' saying “sin no more”(5:14; 8:11) that implies the acquittal and the healing are in some sense conditional, in the Synoptics Jesus' declaration of forgiveness is given with no condition and is even repeated one more time (Matt 9:6;Mark 2:11; Luke 7:50). (3) While Jesus' declaration of forgiveness puts emphasis on the present fact of forgiveness (Matt 9:2, 5; Mark 2:5, 9),Jesus' saying “sin no more” does more on the future situations than on the present non-condemnation or healing. Jesus' declaration of non-condemnation,therefore, denotes not so much abandonment of condemnation or declaration of forgiveness of sin as the essence of identity and works of Jesus as the Saviour (John 3:17; 8:15; 12:47). Through the saying of execution of stoning punishment PA's Jesus gave His consent to the Law's condemnation on the sin of the adulteress (aspect of 'truth through Jesus Christ' in John 1:17), and through the declaration of non-condemnation with the saying “sin no more” He saved her life and gave her opportunity to inaugurate a new beginning (aspect of 'grace through Jesus Christ' in John 1:17). A hypothesis that the adultery in PA could correspond to an unavoidable cohabitation or prostitution for a livelihood because of an invalid certificate of divorce or being with no certificate may support it. Finally, this article shows that PA is to be construed as referring not to forgiveness of sin but to forgiveness of sinner. This is the very reason why the longheld assumption about PA should be amended, and thus PA should be put into the spotlight again.
Abstract
The so-called “PA” that is short for 'Pericope of Adulteress' (John 7:53-8:11) has long been floating since the early church. It is widely agreed that PA, for it's generous attitude toward sexual sin, has been ruled out from canonical text of the Gospel of John until at least 4th century. This means PA has so far been construed as referring to Jesus' forgiveness of adultery,which is a long-held assumption. However, there can be very little reason that Jesus Himself in PA acquitted the woman of the adultery charge, because His saying “let him throw a stone at her”(8:7) clearly indicates Jesus agreed with the Mosaic law's condemnation on the adultery. Jesus' long-lasting silence to the accusers' continuous offensive, on the one hand, has the offensive lead to its climax and maximizes the effectiveness of the condemnation,on the other hand, creates the maximum effectiveness of Jesus' saying of execution of stoning punishment. Some scholars argued that Jesus' declaration of non-condemnation (v. 11)is equivalent to that of forgiveness in the Synoptic traditions (Matt 9:1-6//Mark 2:1-10//Luke 5:17-24; Luke 7:36-50). This opinion, however, may turn out to be unpersuasive because of the following three reasons; (1)While in the Synoptic traditions Jesus' forgiveness is to be declared on the basis of one's faith or repentance, in PA Jesus' non-condemnation is to be declared to the adulteress with no sign of repentance or faith. (2) While in PA and the pericope of healing in Bethesda pool (John 5:2-9) Jesus' declaration of non-condemnation and that of healing are accompanied by Jesus' saying “sin no more”(5:14; 8:11) that implies the acquittal and the healing are in some sense conditional, in the Synoptics Jesus' declaration of forgiveness is given with no condition and is even repeated one more time (Matt 9:6;Mark 2:11; Luke 7:50). (3) While Jesus' declaration of forgiveness puts emphasis on the present fact of forgiveness (Matt 9:2, 5; Mark 2:5, 9),Jesus' saying “sin no more” does more on the future situations than on the present non-condemnation or healing. Jesus' declaration of non-condemnation,therefore, denotes not so much abandonment of condemnation or declaration of forgiveness of sin as the essence of identity and works of Jesus as the Saviour (John 3:17; 8:15; 12:47). Through the saying of execution of stoning punishment PA's Jesus gave His consent to the Law's condemnation on the sin of the adulteress (aspect of 'truth through Jesus Christ' in John 1:17), and through the declaration of non-condemnation with the saying “sin no more” He saved her life and gave her opportunity to inaugurate a new beginning (aspect of 'grace through Jesus Christ' in John 1:17). A hypothesis that the adultery in PA could correspond to an unavoidable cohabitation or prostitution for a livelihood because of an invalid certificate of divorce or being with no certificate may support it. Finally, this article shows that PA is to be construed as referring not to forgiveness of sin but to forgiveness of sinner. This is the very reason why the longheld assumption about PA should be amended, and thus PA should be put into the spotlight again.
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