요한계시록의 인자 기독론과 칠십인경 다니엘서의 메시아 사상
The Christology of the Apocalypse of John and the Messianism in the Old Greek Daniel
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The Christology of the Apocalypse of John and the Messianism in the Old Greek Daniel Daewoong Kim (Chongshin University) This essay is concerned with the major hermeneutic factors of the Christology in Revelation, where mysterious characterization of the resurrected Jesus flows from the Messianism in LXX Daniel. Jesus is first identified as the Messiah, the Son of Man, and then goes through a process of unification with the One who is seated on the throne in the celestial hall. In search of the Christological origin, scholars of the Christian Apocalypse have long recognized that the Christ of John evokes the Danielic Son of Man. This essay takes one step further by proposing that the Christ in Revelation represents the Ancient of Days, another Messianic epithet of the Son of Man in LXX Daniel 7. The Old Greek Daniel was the foundational source of the scriptural interpretation of the Christian group behind Revelation. The apocalyptic Christology of the Christian group, given the group’s active engagement in allusion to, appropriation of, and elaboration on LXX Daniel, flows from the apocalyptic mode of the portrayal of the Jewish Messiah and motif of transformation in the LXX Daniel 7 and 4. The Christ whom John and his intended audiences/readers envision is the Messianic Savior who is revealed in the Jewish manners both as “the Ancient of Days” and as a “Son of Man.” The two images of the LXX Danielic Messiah is perceived in Revelation when the Christ who horizontally moves in the celestial throne-room and vertically moves to the eschatological combat. The moment when Jesus is unified with the enthroned God functions as the apex of the divine eschatological scenario that is sealed up with the descent of the New Jerusalem. The Christ is enthroned within God’s throne and coexists with God in the New Jerusalem. The Christ of John’s community appears to have been affected by the Jewish monotheism. The Christology attained by the community is congruent with a pre-Christian concept of the Messiah in LXX Daniel 7. The conceptual kinship between Revelation and LXX Daniel is especially helpful to identify two major factors of the Christology in Revelation: the Jewish Messianism (LXX Daniel 7) and the motif of transformation in LXX Daniel (LXX Daniel 4). The exegetical analysis of the relevant texts of LXX Daniel demonstrates that John is both a prophetic visionary and a skillful interpreter of the inherited visionary tradition. The apocalyptist in Revelation could capture and articulate how King Nebuchadnezzar and the Sovereign Lord prefigure the arch enemy of the saints and Jesus Christ. The Jewish messianism in LXX Daniel have affected the Christian apocalyptic group that forged its sense of identity based on its monotheistic worship of Jesus.
Abstract
The Christology of the Apocalypse of John and the Messianism in the Old Greek Daniel Daewoong Kim (Chongshin University) This essay is concerned with the major hermeneutic factors of the Christology in Revelation, where mysterious characterization of the resurrected Jesus flows from the Messianism in LXX Daniel. Jesus is first identified as the Messiah, the Son of Man, and then goes through a process of unification with the One who is seated on the throne in the celestial hall. In search of the Christological origin, scholars of the Christian Apocalypse have long recognized that the Christ of John evokes the Danielic Son of Man. This essay takes one step further by proposing that the Christ in Revelation represents the Ancient of Days, another Messianic epithet of the Son of Man in LXX Daniel 7. The Old Greek Daniel was the foundational source of the scriptural interpretation of the Christian group behind Revelation. The apocalyptic Christology of the Christian group, given the group’s active engagement in allusion to, appropriation of, and elaboration on LXX Daniel, flows from the apocalyptic mode of the portrayal of the Jewish Messiah and motif of transformation in the LXX Daniel 7 and 4. The Christ whom John and his intended audiences/readers envision is the Messianic Savior who is revealed in the Jewish manners both as “the Ancient of Days” and as a “Son of Man.” The two images of the LXX Danielic Messiah is perceived in Revelation when the Christ who horizontally moves in the celestial throne-room and vertically moves to the eschatological combat. The moment when Jesus is unified with the enthroned God functions as the apex of the divine eschatological scenario that is sealed up with the descent of the New Jerusalem. The Christ is enthroned within God’s throne and coexists with God in the New Jerusalem. The Christ of John’s community appears to have been affected by the Jewish monotheism. The Christology attained by the community is congruent with a pre-Christian concept of the Messiah in LXX Daniel 7. The conceptual kinship between Revelation and LXX Daniel is especially helpful to identify two major factors of the Christology in Revelation: the Jewish Messianism (LXX Daniel 7) and the motif of transformation in LXX Daniel (LXX Daniel 4). The exegetical analysis of the relevant texts of LXX Daniel demonstrates that John is both a prophetic visionary and a skillful interpreter of the inherited visionary tradition. The apocalyptist in Revelation could capture and articulate how King Nebuchadnezzar and the Sovereign Lord prefigure the arch enemy of the saints and Jesus Christ. The Jewish messianism in LXX Daniel have affected the Christian apocalyptic group that forged its sense of identity based on its monotheistic worship of Jesus.
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