신약의 최후행위심판과 구원의 관계
Final Judgment According to Works and Assurance of Salvation in the New Testament
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Final Judgment According to Works and Assurance of Salvation in the New Testament Kyoung-Shik Kim (Westminster Graduate School of Theology) This study concerns the relationship between final judgment according to works and assurance of salvation in the New Testament. The New Testament teaches that final judgment will be in accordance with one's works while on the other hand it has several statements that teach that our salvation is secured by God's grace. At first glance, assurance of salvation looks contradictory to warnings which seem to threat our salvation. The connection between these seemingly contradictory teachings about salvation and warnings is to be examined once again to gain a comprehensive understanding of salvation in the New Testament. This study examines several passages from various New Testament writings rather than a specific text by a particular writer of the New Testament to comprehend the complexity and coherent idea about salvation. As a result, such an analysis can result in superficial exegesis of a specific text and also tend to ignore historical background and contingency of each book of the New Testament. Nonetheless, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of salvation in the light of the whole picture of New Testament theology. The first part of this study focuses on several texts which teach judgment according to works in two ways. Firstly, texts containing explicit teaching about judgment according to works are examined and then implicit teachings of warning passages are studied from the Gospels to Pauline letters, Hebrews, and John's apocalypse and finally analyzed who will be judged according to works and will be in danger of losing one's salvation. In balance, we also look into the passages that teach assurance of salvation. The second part evaluates the scholarly views that have been proposed to solve the relation between warning passages and assurance passages: view of reward, view of losing salvation, view of testing genuine faith, and finally, co-existence of contradictory ideas. And then, we propose a more probable solution to these apparently contradictory ideas of assurances and warnings by focusing on the function of warning passages in the New Testament. We raise an exegetical and theological question why these warnings are necessary for believers while the believers are assured of final salvation on the basis of faith and justification. Our study argues that the warning passages are the means by which God protects believers from falling away and also guards believers to arrive at the final salvation. This study supports the conclusion by looking into the eschatological tension between 'already' side and 'not yet' side and also examines the concept of two realms (or ruler/realm transfer) concentrating on two Pauline passages (Rom 8; 1Cor 6:9-10). We conclude that the warning passages are not contradictory to the assurance passages and that they are good news in that these passages are the means by which believers are protected from falling away.
Abstract
Final Judgment According to Works and Assurance of Salvation in the New Testament Kyoung-Shik Kim (Westminster Graduate School of Theology) This study concerns the relationship between final judgment according to works and assurance of salvation in the New Testament. The New Testament teaches that final judgment will be in accordance with one's works while on the other hand it has several statements that teach that our salvation is secured by God's grace. At first glance, assurance of salvation looks contradictory to warnings which seem to threat our salvation. The connection between these seemingly contradictory teachings about salvation and warnings is to be examined once again to gain a comprehensive understanding of salvation in the New Testament. This study examines several passages from various New Testament writings rather than a specific text by a particular writer of the New Testament to comprehend the complexity and coherent idea about salvation. As a result, such an analysis can result in superficial exegesis of a specific text and also tend to ignore historical background and contingency of each book of the New Testament. Nonetheless, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of salvation in the light of the whole picture of New Testament theology. The first part of this study focuses on several texts which teach judgment according to works in two ways. Firstly, texts containing explicit teaching about judgment according to works are examined and then implicit teachings of warning passages are studied from the Gospels to Pauline letters, Hebrews, and John's apocalypse and finally analyzed who will be judged according to works and will be in danger of losing one's salvation. In balance, we also look into the passages that teach assurance of salvation. The second part evaluates the scholarly views that have been proposed to solve the relation between warning passages and assurance passages: view of reward, view of losing salvation, view of testing genuine faith, and finally, co-existence of contradictory ideas. And then, we propose a more probable solution to these apparently contradictory ideas of assurances and warnings by focusing on the function of warning passages in the New Testament. We raise an exegetical and theological question why these warnings are necessary for believers while the believers are assured of final salvation on the basis of faith and justification. Our study argues that the warning passages are the means by which God protects believers from falling away and also guards believers to arrive at the final salvation. This study supports the conclusion by looking into the eschatological tension between 'already' side and 'not yet' side and also examines the concept of two realms (or ruler/realm transfer) concentrating on two Pauline passages (Rom 8; 1Cor 6:9-10). We conclude that the warning passages are not contradictory to the assurance passages and that they are good news in that these passages are the means by which believers are protected from falling away.
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