독일 군사사상과 제도가 일본 육군의 근대화에 미친 영향

Abstract

Since the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese Army introduced Germany military system and theory through Japanese modernization. Since Japan pursued a measure to enrich and strengthen a country under the Japanese Emperor system at that time, Germany was a fascinated role model because Germany had been growing up a great power country of European nations. Especially, the General Staff system was evaluated a key-point system for the victory of War, so it was introduced to Japan by the German-study officers. Moreover, Japan had adopted the Germany military theory centering around the military strategic tactics. The Germany military system and theory that had introduced the modern Japan had organized by Helmuth von Moltk. His idea had taken concrete shape based on the theory of the On War written by Carl von Clausewitz. However, Moltk and the Germany military headquarter pursed the wrong side of the superiority of the politics to military affairs that had insisted on the On War, so this mistaken recognization indicated a wrong way to German and German-copying Japan. In German, the military consideration and value was emphasized based on the independence of the prerogative of supreme command, the militarism was formed. In Japan, military authorities take the reins of government by using the strengthened political influence and the prerogative of supreme command, and they drove forward peremptorily the national and military policies.