클라우제비츠 삼성체론(三性體論)의 한계와 대안적 이해

Abstract

The French Revolution that erupted in 1789 had brought about a large reform in the realm of politics, society, and culture in the feudal, monarchic Europeanstates. The military conflict between the other European states' monarchs that stuck to the ancient regime and the revolutionary French government had exploded into the Napoleon's revolutionary war(1792~1815). Napoleon's warfighting had shown the phenomena of unlimited absolute war on which French people's gross potential was focused in the face of their life or death interests dependent either on shattering ancient regime or on regressing toit, well beyond the limited war strategies exercised by small number of professional soldiers or mercenaries of the monarchic armies. Also, the war had brought about political results of expanding republican form of government pursued by the French government throughout whole Europe, thereby ending monarchy. Under this epochal background, Clausewitz, a Prussian field-grade officer who took part in the warfighting as a member of anti-French coalition forces, perceived the details of revolutionary war and its effects on the international politics, and wrote down what he observed in his three volume books. He believed that the three characteristics-he expressed it as trinity-of war were the connecting thread that bound together all of his complex theories, and that they were people's hostility against their enemy,gambling mind of their military in pursuit of victory on the battlefield, and their government's capability to plan and lead wars under clear political purposes. However, the author has explained that Clausewitz's trinity needs to be understood in a modern perspective when considering the tremendous improvement of accuracy,lethality,and destructiveness of modern weapon systems empowered by industrialization and information technologies,particularly the present and future strategic environment layed under the probabilities of co-destruction of mankind by nuclear arsenals; and has also insisted that the trinity of Clausewitz should be redefined as an entity containing five characteristics added by violence and inhumanity entailed by the war. Additionally, the author has suggested a developmental way to apply trinity to the real world situation by delineating how those five characteristics are related to people,military,and government.