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요한계시록의 부분적 과거론적 해석의 근거와 타당성

Ground and Relevance of the Partial Preterist Interpretation of the Book of Revelat

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지금까지 요한계시록을 해석해 온 주요 방법들은 AD 1세기 상황에서 주해(注解)하는 과거론(contemporary historical preterism), 예수님의 재림 중심으로 해석하는 미래론(end-historical futurism), 하나님과 사탄의 전쟁을 통해 초시간적인 영적 교훈과 원칙을 찾는 이상론(non-historical idealism), 그리고 신약의 전체 시대에 세상과 교회에서 일어날 일들 연결하는 역사론(world-church historicism)이다. 그런데 특정한 해석방법에 매이지 않으려는 학자들은 4가지 해석을종합하거나, 과거론에 기초하여 이상론을 수정 및 절충한다. 이런 통합 및 수정과 절충은 한 가지 해석방법으로는 본문의 의미를 충분히드러내기 역부족이라고 판단에서 기인한다. 하나의 해석방법은 본문을 주해하는 전체 과정을 좌지우지하기보다는 주해의 방향을 선명히제시하고 빠지기 쉬운 오류를 적절히 비판할 수 있어야 한다. 아직까지 계시록을 해석할 때 합의된 방법은 없지만 해석방법이 계속하여발전 중이므로, 성경의 영감성을 전제하여 근거를 제시하는 해석방식이라면 존중하는 열린 자세가 필요하다. 이 글은 과거론의 한 부류인 부분적 과거론(partial preterism, moderate preterism)의 근거와 타당성을 논구하기 위해 다음 사항을 연구한다. (1) 과거론적 해석의 한부류인 부분적 과거론의 근거와 타당성을 연구한다. (2) 부분적 과거론적 해석의 석의를 어떻게 적용할 것인가를 탐구한다. (3) 부분적 과거론에서 미래론, 이상론, 그리고 역사론을 평가한다. (4) 미래론, 이상론, 그리고 역사론이 제기할 수 있는 부분적 과거론의 문제점에 대해설명하고, 추후 연구를 위해 다차원적인 해석방법을 제안한다.

Abstract

The main methods of interpreting the book of Revelation so far have been the contemporary historical preterism, which interprets from the context of the first century AD, the end-historical futurism that interprets the second coming of Jesus as the center, the non-historical idealism which finds super-temporal spiritual lessons and principles through the war between God and Satan, and the world-church historicism which finds the events throughout the human world. However, scholars who do not want to be bound by a specific interpretation method synthesize the four interpretations or revise and compromise the idealism based on the preterism. Such integration, correction, and compromise are due to the judgment that one method is insufficient to sufficiently reveal the meaning of the text. Rather than controlling the entire process of interpreting the text, one interpretative method should clearly suggest the direction of exegesis and appropriately criticize errors that are easy to fall into. There is still no agreed upon method for interpreting the Book of Revelation, but since the method of interpretation is continuously developing, an open attitude to respect for the interpretation method that provides evidence based on the premise of the inspiration of the Bible is necessary. This article investigates the followings to discuss the rationale and validity of partial preterism (moderate preterism), a kind of preterism. (1) The basis and validity of partial preterism as a kind of preterism is studied. (2) How to apply the exegesis of the partial preterism explored. (3) Evaluatation of futurism, idealism, and historicism from partial preterism is implemented. (4) The possible problems of partial preterism raised by futurism, idealism, and historicism are explained and a multi-dimensional interpretative method for future research is suggested.

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