Could Jews have a Table Fellowship with Gentiles in Any Way? -A Study of Meals in the Second Temple Jewish Literature (200 BCE - 200 CE)-
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The primary concern of the present paper has been to examine whether Jews could have table fellowships with Gentiles throughout early Jewish literature (200 BCE 200 – CE). For this purpose, a variety of meal accounts have been examined, because from the anthropological studies meal serves to make a socially crucial boundary among other groups. The area of this study has been divided in two; the meals in the ‘present age’ and those in the age to come. When it comes to the meals in ‘this age,’ the fact is that table fellowships between Jews and Gentiles were practised in a restricted circumstance, profoundly being controlled by Jewish purity laws that declared both Gentiles themselves and their food as impure. The sole way to allow table fellowships was to be converted to Judaism on the Gentiles’ side and the observance of purity laws on the side of Jews. However, such a theme of table fellowship was dealt differently within the meal accounts in the age to come. Although Targum Isaiah 25:6 changed the hopeful prophecy for the participation of Gentiles in the eschatological banquet to that of the judgment on them, in 1 Enoch 62:14 the participation of table fellowships would not be subject to the traditional Jewish boundary such as the purity laws, circumcision and immersion, but to the faith in the SM. These conclusions may be greatly illuminating for the future researches related to table fellowships between Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians at Antioch (Gal 2:11-14) and particularly to as the SM Jesus’ table fellowships open to sinners totally negligent to Torah (thus ritual laws)(Mk 2:13-17; Mt 11:19) and to probably Gentiles(Mk 7:24-30; 8:1-10). Above all, 1 Enoch 62:12-14 is also important in understanding the meals of Jesus and the early church since both of them believed that table fellowships may open to people who had the faith in the SM regardless of Torah(or ritual laws).
Abstract
The primary concern of the present paper has been to examine whether Jews could have table fellowships with Gentiles throughout early Jewish literature (200 BCE 200 – CE). For this purpose, a variety of meal accounts have been examined, because from the anthropological studies meal serves to make a socially crucial boundary among other groups. The area of this study has been divided in two; the meals in the ‘present age’ and those in the age to come. When it comes to the meals in ‘this age,’ the fact is that table fellowships between Jews and Gentiles were practised in a restricted circumstance, profoundly being controlled by Jewish purity laws that declared both Gentiles themselves and their food as impure. The sole way to allow table fellowships was to be converted to Judaism on the Gentiles’ side and the observance of purity laws on the side of Jews. However, such a theme of table fellowship was dealt differently within the meal accounts in the age to come. Although Targum Isaiah 25:6 changed the hopeful prophecy for the participation of Gentiles in the eschatological banquet to that of the judgment on them, in 1 Enoch 62:14 the participation of table fellowships would not be subject to the traditional Jewish boundary such as the purity laws, circumcision and immersion, but to the faith in the SM. These conclusions may be greatly illuminating for the future researches related to table fellowships between Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians at Antioch (Gal 2:11-14) and particularly to as the SM Jesus’ table fellowships open to sinners totally negligent to Torah (thus ritual laws)(Mk 2:13-17; Mt 11:19) and to probably Gentiles(Mk 7:24-30; 8:1-10). Above all, 1 Enoch 62:12-14 is also important in understanding the meals of Jesus and the early church since both of them believed that table fellowships may open to people who had the faith in the SM regardless of Torah(or ritual laws).
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