소송제도와 사법부의 신뢰도 - 미국의 당사자주도주의(Adversary System) 소송제도가 가지는 의미 -
Litigation System and Citizen Confidence in Judicial System: Ideas from the US Adversary System
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본 논문은 사법부의 대국민 신뢰도와 관련하여 사법부의 주요 업무인 소송제도에 변화를 도입함으로써 사법부의 신뢰도를 개선할 수 있는 방법이 없을까 하는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 본 논문은 영미법계에서 시행되고 있는 ‘당사자주도주의 소송제도’(adversary system)에서 사법부 신뢰도 개선의 실마리를 찾고자 하였다. 본 논문의 결론은, 어떠한 절차라도, 이해당사자가 자신의 이해관계가 걸린 문제의 결정과정에 충분히 참여하고, 과정에 대한 일정한 정도의 통제를 가지는 경우, 해당 당사자는 그러한 절차가 공정하다고 판단할 가능성이 높다. 그러한 관점에서 법원의 소송제도에 있어서도, 당사자들의 발언권과 참여가 많이 허용될수록 당사자들은 그 소송제도가 공정하다로 느낄 가능성이 높다는 것이다. 그리고 당사자, 일반 국민들이 법원의 소송제도에 대하여 공정하다고 느낀다면, 특정 소송 결과에 비교적 무관하게, 소송제도, 법원에 대하여 더 큰 정당성을 인정하고, 높은 신뢰도를 보일 것이라는 것이다. 따라서 가능한 한도 내에서 소송당사자들을 소송절차에 참여시키는 것이 사법부의 신뢰도를 증진시키는 방법이 될 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper attempts to provide some insights to gain citizen confidence in judiciary. This paper suggests to look at adversary system which allows parties to conduct significant roles in a litigation such as the investigation of case and gathering of information and evidences and the presentation of the case at court during trial. These participation and control of parties in the procedure helps the parties to have confidence in the litigation system and the judiciary regardless of the results of the litigation. As a result, this paper points to the idea that, since disputing parties commence their litigation with the excessive expectation of winning the case, if Korean judiciary allows parties to participate and control the process of their own cases, parties could have realistic assessment of their cases and be ready to accept the result better which, in turn, helps judiciary to receive confidence from the citizen.
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