표현의 자유와 소셜 미디어의 콘텐츠 중재 행위 연구 ― 페이스북 심의위원회(FOB) 분석을 중심으로 ―
Study on the Freedom of Expression and Content Moderation — Focusing on the Facebook Oversight Board(FOB) —
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초록
현대 사회에서 소셜 미디어는 시간과 공간의 제약을 벗어나 전 세계와 실시간으로 소통할 수 있는 공적 포럼으로써의 중요 기능을 담당하고 있다. 이는 의사 표현의 자유라는 기본적 인권의 신장에 획기적인 전환점이 되었고, 기존의 다른 의사전달 매체와 비교할 때 그 파급력의 속도나 범위가 월등하다는 점을 특징으로 한다. 그러나 최근 들어 이런 소셜 미디어 업체들의 막대한 영향력을 경계하는 목소리가 높아지고 있는 것 또한 사실이다. 특히 사회적 해악을 끼칠 염려가 높은 사용자 게시물을 방치하거나, 반대로 표현의 자유 아래 적법하게 보호되는 의사 표현을 일방적으로 삭제하는 등의 콘텐츠 중재(content moderation) 권한의 자의적인 행사가 문제시되고 있다. 이 연구는 이러한 여론의 비판에 직면한 소셜 미디어 업체 중 가장 많은 사용자 수를 지닌 페이스북이, 위와 같은 문제를 자발적으로 개선하기 위한 목적으로 새로이 설립한 페이스북 심의위원회(Facebook Oversight Board)라는 독립기구의 특징과 기능을 분석하고, 최근에 공개된 1차 결정례들을 바탕으로 그 전망을 살펴보고자 한다.
Abstract
Today, social media plays an important role as a public forum that allows real-time communication with the world beyond the constraints of time and space. This marked a remarkable turning point in the improvement of basic human rights, namely freedom of speech and expression, and is characterized by the fact that its speed and range are far superior compared to other previous existing methods of communication. However, concerns are being raised in recent years regarding the enormous influence of these social media companies. The arbitrary exercise of content moderation particularly stands out, which can be described as acts such as leaving up individual posts that are likely to cause social harm, or deleting those that are legitimately protected under the constitutional right of freedom of expression. This study focuses on an independent organization called the Facebook Oversight Board, which was recently established by Facebook. It is a novel and voluntary attempt by Facebook to address the problems mentioned above. The study will analyze the features and functions of the FOB, and examine its future prospects based on the recently released batch of first decisions by the Board.
참고문헌 (37)
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