16세기 중·후반 조선 관요 운영 시기 및 제작 양상 연구 – 가마터 출토 명문백자를 중심으로 –

Abstract

It has now become possible to estimate the relocation path and operating time of the Royal kilns after the late 1530s due to the excavations on Mugap-ri Kiln No. 14 and Gonjiam-ri Kiln No. 1, the ceramic assemblage from Gwaneum-ri Kiln No. 10, and the reinterpretation of the epitaph from the Beoncheon-ri Kiln No. 9. From the latter-half of the 1530s until the early 1540s, Woosan-ri Kiln No.9 was in operation. Then Mugap-ri Kiln No.14 (the mid-1540s~1551), Beoncheon-ri Kiln No.9(1552~1558), Gwaneum-ri Kiln No.10 (1559~the latter-half 1560s), Gonjiam-ri Kiln No.1 (before and after 1570~the mid-1570s), Daessangryeong-ri Kiln No. 1 (the latterhalf 1570s~the early 1580s), Mugap-ri Kiln No.10 (the mid-1580s~the early 1590s) and Jeongji-ri Kiln No. 3(the mid-1590s~) came into operation, in that order. In particular, as porcelain vessels engraved with the characters ‘地’, ‘左’ or ‘右’were found at Gwaneum-ri Kiln No.10, it has become evident that white porcelain engraved with ‘左’ or ‘右’ was produced since the 1560s. It was also possible to ascertain,based on porcelain vessels engraved with both ‘左’and ‘地’ found at the Hamhwadang site at Gyeongbok Palace, that there was a time when both ‘左’ and ‘地’ were used together. Furthermore, '天', '地', '玄', '黄', as well as the character '宇', were found to be engraved on the porcelain vessels. In the 16th century, more than two adjacent kilns were in operation at the same time, and each kiln produced, exclusively, high quality white porcelain or low quality white porcelain. However, in the 17th century, a single kiln produced both high quality and low quality white porcelain as needed. Through this study, the operating time and production aspects of the Royal kilns in the 16th century could be confirmed. It has also made it possible to analyze more systematically how the porcelain vessel types and kiln structure of the Royal kilns changed from the 16th to 17th century. Also with the comparison of the white porcelain of the Royal kilns and local kilns, it will contribute to the chronology of the white porcelain vessels of local kilns.