강원 영서, 영동지역 적색마연토기의 편년과 계보

Abstract

This article aims to investigate the chronology and genealogy of red burnished pottery from the Yeongseo and Yeongdong regions of Gangwon Province, Korea. To do so, the pottery was categorized into five types according to their shape: the long-necked jar with flat-bottom (pyeongjanggyeong-ho), mounted pottery (daebu-togi), round type jar (wonjeo-ho), jar and bowl. Mounted pottery is subdivided into four types: the smaller bowl called wan, bowl called bal, short-necked jar (dangyeong-ho), and long-necked jar (janggyeong-ho). The round type jar is subdivided into the long-necked jar and short-necked jar. This classification based on form referred to the previous scholarship because each type experienced its own process in terms of change in form. The typological changes of red burnished pottery were examined in reference to studies undertaken on the plain (mumun) earthenware and stone arrowheads in the Yeongseo and Yeongdong regions of Gangwon Province. Of the types of mounted pottery, the mounted bowl called daebu-bal, mounted short-necked jar and long-necked jar emerged during the process of typological changes to the small deep bowl and pyeongjeojanggyeong-ho with long body in the South Korea. Of the types of red burnished pottery, the pyeonjeojanggyeong-ho (long-necked jar with flat-bottom) and wonjeodangyeong-ho (short-necked jar with round bottom)belong to upper layer Bronze Age culture of Seopohang. In respect to the advent of the wonjeodangyeong-ho (short-necked jar with round bottom), there is an opinion that it emerged in the Heunam-ri assemblage phase, when the mount from mounted short-necked jars, which had been produced following the influence of cup type pottery,vanished. However it is difficult to directly link the cup type pottery and the mounted short-necked jar in terms of typology because the original form of the mounted short-necked jar had a long body whereas the cup type pottery was shaped like a flowerpot. For this reason I suggested a new order of typological change: small deep bowl → mounted bowl → mounted short-necked jar. This typological change of the red burnished pottery was investigated through changes in its body form: even though the original forms of the daebudangyeong-ho,daebujanggyeong-ho and wonjedangyeong-ho were different, their shape became transformed into the pouch type, which was widest at the lower part, in the late Early Bronze Age. The long-necked jar with round bottom and middle and small-sized jars were transformed into shapes that emphasized the shoulder, which is the widest part of the pottery vessels in the early Middle Bronze Age. The body of the pyeongjeojanggyeong-ho was transformed in the following order: oblate spheroid type →sphere type → prolate spheroid type. However, because there is a difference in the speed of change when compared to the pyeongjeojanggyeong-ho of the Nam River basin, I would like to suggest that after the spread of the pyeongjeojanggyeong-ho from the Duman River region, it experienced its own unique process of development in each local area. Middle and small-sized jars, as well as bowls, were made by imitating mumun pottery and these jars and bowls show a common process of development with mumun pottery.