고고학적 공간정보의 취득관리와 GIS

Abstract

Archeological study consists of a series of interpretative procedures for the understanding of human cultural through chronological and spatial information obtained from the remains of past human action. In the case of spatial information, not only does it provide absolute locational information, it is also significant in terms of the political, economical and social activities of past populations. From traditional archaeology to more recent landscape approaches, there have been many attempts to acquire, analyze and understand precise spatial information. Archeological spatial information is composed of three sub-categories: spatial location, the relationship between archeological data and other objects, and the characteristics of archeological data. This information is generally represented on a topographic map through points, lines and polygons, or is abstracted into a thematic map and used in field survey and excavation reports. Therefore it can be said that such reports represent the most important medium involved in the acquisition and management of archeological spatial information. Yet, field survey and excavation reports published in the last five years demonstrate various problems, such as the omission of necessary thematic maps, the absence of the national basic map, the unsuitable representation of spatial information, and inaccurate spatial information. However, those problems can be overcome by regulations which make it compulsory to use the national basic map, the utilization of digital maps produced by the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII), the selection of data expression methods suitable to the material, and the use of high precision GSP, such as DGPS and RTK. By implementing a GIS spatial database, the archeological spatial information contained within field survey and excavation reports can be effectively utilized in many ways, such as for data management, spatial analysis, and statistics. The construction of an archeological spatial database will require processes of conceptual, logical and physical modeling. As the conceptual planning stage determines the extensibility and usability of the database, the range of the archeological information which is to be dealt with should be carefully considered. An archeological spatial database can be effectively utilized, through GIS, for conservation management and academic research. GIS for the management of cultural remains is generally carried out by the government or public organizations, and is widely used in data management, information systems, and decision making when formulating policies. From an academic research perspective, it can be used in various ways, such as in the production of site distribution charts, as well as for geographical condition analysis and predictive modeling in particular. In facilitating the visualization and the objective analysis of archaeological data, it will also lead to tighter archeological interpretations.