청동기시대 마제석촉의 지역성 연구

Abstract

The bow and arrow represent one of the most innovate inventions in tools developed by the human race. In Korea, the use of the bow and arrow can be confirmed,through the presence of stone arrowheads, for the Neolithic period. Various types of stone arrowheads have been excavated at sites dating to the Bronze Age. Form classification has been carried out on these Bronze Age arrowheads, and research has also ben undertaken on their genealogy, regional characteristics, and production techniques. But it may be argued that the existing research is problematic in terms of its form classification. In addition, the causes of their regional characteristics were not examined. Therefore, a new attempt at form classification was carried out in this article which utilizes not only attributes of the arrowhead but also the way in which the arrowhead and shaft were attached. Firstly,arrowheads were classified into the following two categories: tangless arrowheads and tanged arrowheads, and the way in which each was attached to the shaft - the former by inserting the arrowhead into the divided shaft end and then binding it, and the latter by sticking the arrowhead tang into a cut in the shaft end - was also utilized in form classification. Analysis showed that the tanged arrowhead tradition developed in creative ways, ultimately leading to the pointed tanged Songguk-ri type arrowhead. It also adopted the insert-and-bind mode of attachment and developed into the hybrid type of arrowhead. In terms of the regional characteristics of the arrowheads, three possible regional groups could be established. The southern part of Korea witnessed the use to the pointed arrowhead, the central part(demarcated by the Taean-Daejeon-Miryang-Yangsan-Busan boundary) the all-in-one(comprehensive) arrowhead, and the inland region of North Gyeonsang province(centered around Daegu, Gyeongju, Pohang and Ulsan) the hybrid type. These regional differences were also associated with the type of material used to make the arrow shaft. It was confirmed that arrow shafts were made using bamboo or bush clover and it can be assumed that the form of the arrowhead was directly associated with the type of material used for the shaft. Also, it was verified that the regional characteristics of the arrowheads, which was related to the vegetation(i.e. types of wood avaliable) was closely associated with the Songguk-ri culture area.