인천 원당동 고려시대 건물지의 성격 연구

Abstract

The site of a building from the Goryeo Dynasty in Wondang-dong was excavated at the remains within Site of the Incheon Geomdan New Town development project site, which was carried out from 2014 to 2017. As a result of the excavation, the site of four buildings, including a corridor and a gate, and an Ondol structure were found on the embankment at the end of the southeastern slope of the mountain.The period was confirmed to be the Goryeo Dynasty, from the 11th to the 13th century, through some artifacts such as roof tiles and porcelain excavated from the building site. Especially, artifacts undoubtedly excavated from temples, such as the bronze bell head of dragon shape, the roof-end tile with goblin pattern, and the Chimi(ridge-end tile), were excavated in it. However, in one study, it was identified as a Won(院) of the Goryeo Dynasty, based on the absence of a pagoda and the fact that Ondol rooms were provided to the left and right of the central building site. In another study, it was identified as “Gosan Temple” based on the views given in the report of the site and the records of the Joseon Dynasty geography. However, it is difficult to understand exactly the characteristics of the Wondang-dong building site since all of the existing researches provides very limited evidences or depend only on geography.Therefore, in this study, we first examined some artifacts such as bronze bell heads, the roof-end tile with goblin pattern, and Chimi, which are considered to be able to specify the characteristics of the building site. Based on this, we then understood the nature of the building site as a temple. To verify this, we finally examined whether the layout and composition of the temples previously investigated match those of the Wondang-dong building site. As a result, we verified the following two: first, the Wondang-dong building site corresponds to the trend of the east and west corridors receding to limit the area, leaving only the south corridor and gate, which can be seen from ancient temples, and the corridors being transformed and replaced with the living space of the temple. Second, the phenomenon of building No. 1, where Ondol building sites were added to the left and right sides of the building site, is the same as the change to the upper chamber area where monks' rooms were added to the Buddhist hall of late Silla and early Goryeo Dynasty Zen Buddhist Temple. Bases on these two facts and records that can be considered to be related to the Wondang-dong building site among documents such as geography of the Joseon Dynasty, it was concluded that the building site was the “Gosan Temple,” which was located almost eight hundred meters south of Gimpo’s government office in the Joseon Dynasty.